The Snows of Kilimanjaro Free Essays

This paper breaks down three short accounts of Hemingway-The Snows of Kilimanjaro, Hills Like White Elephants, and Indian Camp by perusing them contrary to what would be expected. The point of this paper is to examine the narratives by re-understanding them and utilizing approaches that will give more prominent bits of knowledge and uncover new implications. The Snows of Kilimanjaro (Marxism) Marxism accepts â€Å"the genuine powers that make human experience [are] the financial frameworks that structure human societies† (Tyson 53). We will compose a custom paper test on The Snows of Kilimanjaro or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Marxist analysis decides to concentrate all the more extensively on the way of life â€Å"economics [as] the base on which the superstructure of pocial/political/ideological truths is built† (Tyson 54). At the point when we discuss philosophy from a Marxist viewpoint we mean a conviction framework made by social molding (Tyson 56). It is these hidden, unavoidable, and here and there masked financial belief systems that shape our way of life which thusly shapes every one of us as people through social molding. In this manner, it is the â€Å"differences in financial class [which] separate individuals in manners that are substantially more critical than contrasts in religion, race, ethnicity, or gender† (Tyson 54). At the point when we discuss financial class we mean contrasts in monetary, social, and political force between individuals. Marxism gives us the terms bourgeoisie and low class, which in straightforward terms allude to the rich and poor people, individually. Be that as it may, Tyson says there are basically five diverse financial classes in America: the underclass, lower class, white collar class, privileged, and â€Å"aristocracy† (55). What's more, individuals are continually battling and battling to ascend the financial stepping stool as a feature of their social molding. â€Å"For Marxism, getting and keeping monetary force is the thought process behind all social and political exercises, including training, theory, religion, government, expressions of the human experience, science, innovation, the media, thus on† (Tyson 53). When taking a gander at â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro† from a Marxist point of view, it is imperative to take note of the timeframe in which the story was composed and distributed. Despite the fact that the story happens in Africa it is dominatingly impacted by the characters’ encounters in American (and European) culture. Harry and Helen are (probably) American residents and along these lines their conduct has been formed by the overwhelming American belief systems of the mid 1930s, which include: classism, industrialism, rough independence, and the American dream. In â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro† Harry can be viewed as a loyalist, he battled in the war; as a tough maverick, Helen â€Å"thought he did precisely what he needed to† (Hemingway 46); as a man living the American dream, ascending the social stepping stool, continually improving his social remaining in life by proceeding onward to ladies with more cash than the last, and getting a charge out of the â€Å"acquiescence in this life of lovely surrender† (47) and comfort; and as classist, despite the fact that Harry shares his wife’s cash he despite everything felt like â€Å"a spy in [the] country†¦[of] the very rich† (44). Harry typifies these American belief systems and they shape his way of life as an individual, despite the fact that at their root the philosophies are an aftereffect of the fundamental entrepreneur American monetary framework. We can likewise become familiar with a ton about the overarching belief systems from the story itself. All through the story Harry and Helen both yell requests to their camp and chasing bolster staff. Despite the fact that the care staff is apparently being paid however it merits bringing up that there is a class division between the advantaged couple and the laborers whose activity is to make their experience agreeable. Likewise there are various references to cash all through the content. Harry says to Helen it’s â€Å"[y]our ridiculous money† (Hemingway 41), and â€Å"[y]our cursed cash was my armour,† and â€Å"[y]ou rich bitch† (43). Harry additionally contemplates how he â€Å"had his life and it was finished and afterward he continued living it again with various individuals and more cash, with the best of similar spots, and some new ones,† and of the â€Å"very rich†¦which he despised† (Hemingway 44); and â€Å"this rich bitch,† and â€Å"[Helen] who had the most cash of all, who had all the cash there was† (45); and â€Å"because she was richer† (46); and â€Å"[t]he rich were dull and they drank excessively, or they played a lot of backgammon. They were dull and they were repetitious† (53). Harry likewise reviews a story wherein a person named Julian says â€Å"The extremely rich are not the same as you and me† and somebody reacts to Julian by saying â€Å"Yes, they have more money,† yet this squashed him since Julian â€Å"thought they were an uncommon stylish race† (Hemingway 53). These literary references manage the subject of cash, of financial aspects, of belief system, and classism. In any case, there is still progressively literary proof of the industrialist American belief systems present in the story. Another case of classist belief system incorporates Harry’s articulation to Helen â€Å"your own kin, your goddamned Old Westbury, Saratoga, Palm Beach people† (Hemingway 41). Furthermore, instances of consumerist philosophy can be viewed as Helen â€Å"had to make another life† so â€Å"she obtained him (Harry)† and â€Å"built herself another life† (Hemingway 46). The entirety of the above literary references are evidence of the basic monetary belief systems that shape the characters in â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro† and outline the manners by which Harry and Helen esteem their products for their trade worth and sign-trade esteem. â€Å"For Marxism, a commodity’s esteem lies not in what it can do (use esteem) yet in the cash or different items for which it very well may be exchanged (trade esteem) or in the societal position it gives on its proprietor (sign-trade value)† (Tyson 62). Seen from this point of view Harry and Helen are utilizing each other’s sign-trade an incentive in their relationship, at the end of the day, they are flaunting their ownership of each other to society in a procedure called commodification. Commodification, or the utilization of sign-trade esteem, is actually what it implies when Harry depicts himself â€Å"as a buddy and as a glad belonging [of Helen’s]† (Hemingway 45). As we have seen there are numerous references in the story of â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro† that shed light on the pertinent belief systems as appropriate to Marxist analysis. The belief systems of classism, nationalism, rough independence, industrialism, and the American dream are as transcendent today as they were in the 1930’s. Step by step instructions to refer to The Snows of Kilimanjaro, Papers

Samsung and Financial Crisis Case Study Essay Example

Samsung and Financial Crisis Case Study Essay USC Marshall School of Business Marshall Research Paper Series Working Paper MKT 16-10 Brand Attachment and Brand Attitude Strength: Conceptual and Empirical Differentiation of Two Critical Brand Equity Drivers C. W. Park Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California Deborah J. MacInnis Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California Joseph R. Priester Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California Andreas B. Eisingerich Imperial College London Dawn Iacobucci Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Sociology Research Network electronic http://ssrn. com/abstract=1605782 1 Electronic duplicate accessible at: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1605782 1 Brand Attachment and Brand Attitude Strength: Conceptual and Empirical Differentiation of Two Critical Brand Equity Drivers May 12, 2010 C. Whan Park Joseph A. DeBell Professor of Marketing ACCT 306C Marshall School of Business University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-0403 Phone: 213-740-7107; Fax: 213-740-7828 [emailprotected] usc. edu Deborah J. MacInnis Charles L. also, Ramona I. Hilliard Professor of Business Administration ACCT 306C Marshall School of Business College of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-0403 Phone: 213-740-5039 ; Fax: 213-740-7828 [emailprotected]c. edu Joseph Priester Associate Professor of Marketing ACCT 306C Marshall School of Business University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-0403 Phone: 213-821-5649; Fax: 213-740-7828 [emailprotected] usc. edu Andreas B. Eisingerich Assistant Professor of Marketing Imperial College Business School Imperial College London, UK SW 7 2AZ Phone: +44(0)20-7594-9763; Fax: +44(0)20-7823-7685 a. [emailprotected] air conditioning. uk Dawn Iacobucci E. Bronson Ingram Professor in Marketing We will compose a custom exposition test on Samsung and Financial Crisis Case Study explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Samsung and Financial Crisis Case Study explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Samsung and Financial Crisis Case Study explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Owen Graduate School of Management 401 21st Avenue South Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee 37203 Phone: 615-322-4075; Fax: 615-343-7177 Dawn. [emailprotected] vanderbilt. edu Forthcoming, Journal of Marketing Electronic duplicate accessible at: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1605782 2 Brand Attachment and Brand Attitude Strength: Conceptual and Empirical Differentiation of Two Critical Brand Equity Drivers Abstract Research has not checked the hypothetical or down to earth estimation of the brand connection build comparable to elective develops, especially brand demeanor quality. The creators make theoretical, estimation, and administrative commitments to this examination issue. Thoughtfully, they characterize brand connection, articulate its characterizing properties, and separate it from brand demeanor quality. From an estimation point of view, they create and approve a stingy proportion of brand connection, test the presumptions that underlie it, and exhibit that it demonstrates the idea of connection. They additionally exhibit the united and discriminant legitimacy of this measure according to mark disposition quality. Authoritatively, they show that brand connection offers an incentive over brand demeanor quality in anticipating (a) consumers’ goals to perform troublesome practices (those they see as using buyer assets), (b) real buy practices, (c) brand buy share (the portion of a brand among straightforwardly contending brands), and (d) need share (the degree to which shoppers depend on a brand to address applicable requirements remembering those brands for substitutable item classes). Watchwords: Brand the board, shopper conduct, promoting procedure, brand connection, mentality quality Electronic duplicate accessible at: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1605782 3 Academic analysts and professionals in promoting have demonstrated critical enthusiasm generally in considering consumers’ connection to brands (Chaplin and Roedder John 2005; Park and MacInnis 2006; Schouten and McAlexander 1995; Thomson 2006). As a develop that portrays the quality of the bond associating the purchaser with the brand, connection is basic as it should affect practices that cultivate brand gainfulness and client lifetime esteem (Thomson, MacInnis, and Park 2005). Simultaneously, advertisers have since a long time ago summoned the builds of mentality valence and quality as key precursors to shopper conduct. Demeanor valence is characterized as the level of energy or antagonism with which a disposition object (here a brand) is assessed. Brand mentality quality is conceptualized as the inspiration or pessimism (valence) of a demeanor weighted by the certainty or sureness with which it is held, I. e. , the degree to which it is viewed as legitimate (Petty, Brinol, and DeMarree 2007). Solid mentalities result from effortful idea about the disposition object (Petty and Cacioppo 1986), regularly given its own importance. This effortful idea, and the certainty with which the mentality object is held, direct conduct. Brand demeanor quality has been appeared to anticipate practices important to firms, including; brand thought, expectation to buy, buy conduct, and brand decision (Fazio and Petty 2007; Petty, Haugtvedt, and Smith 1995; Priester et al. 2004). The rich history of research on brand disposition quality brings up issues about the requirement for a develop, for example, brand connection. Does connection offer some incentive past proportions of brand mentality quality? At present, the response to this inquiry is slippery, as research to date has not confirmed how brand connection and brand mentality quality vary adroitly or observationally. Nor has investigate separated what remarkable customer practices, assuming any, each predicts. The current research makes three key commitments appropriate to these issues. To start with, we separate the brand connection build from brand disposition quality adroitly, contending Electronic duplicate accessible at: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1605782 that the two builds have particular calculated properties and involve distinctive arrangement forms. Second, we approve this qualification experimentally, building up a novel scale that maps the theoretical properties of brand connection and evaluating its relationship to demeanor quality. Third, and most altogether, we observationally show that connection and disposition quality have unmi stakable social ramifications. Brand connection all the more precisely predicts goals to perform practices that use noteworthy buyer assets (time, money related, reputational). It is additionally a more grounded indicator of real customer practices than is brand demeanor quality. These impacts are seen as far as purchaser buy conduct, brand buy share (I. e. , decision among straightforwardly contending brands), and need share (I. e. , decision among brands focusing on comparative needs), and they are watched significantly subsequent to controlling for shopper idleness (I. e. , past practices) and other potential variables. Past their hypothetical hugeness, our outcomes have critical administrative ramifications, proposing that brand connection fills in as a definitive goal for client brand connections. To the extent we know, this is the primary article to look at this different arrangement of social results from brand connection and it is the first to exhibit these impacts corresponding to demeanor quality. Theoretical Distinction between Brand Attachment and Brand Attitude Strength Attachment Although inquire about has analyzed connection in relational settings, look into in advertising recommends that customers can likewise create connections to commercial center substances, including item marks (Fournier 1998; Keller 2003; Schouten and McAlexander 1995), superstars (Thomson 2006), and unique belongings (Ball and Tasaki 1992; Kleine and Baker 2004). Prominently, in spite of 5 the developing prevalence of the connection build, the theoretical properties of this develop stay subtle. Applied properties. Brand connection is characterized as the quality of the bond interfacing the brand with oneself. Reliable with connection hypothesis (Mikulincer and Shaver 2007), this bond is exemplified by a rich and available memory arrange (or mental portrayal) including musings and sentiments about the brand and the brand’s relationship to oneself. Two basic components mirror the applied properties of brand connection: brand-self association and brand noticeable quality. Brand-self association. To start with, the possibility that connection includes a bond (with the brand included as a feature of oneself) recommends that a basic part of connection includes the subjective and passionate association between the individual and oneself, characterized here and somewhere else as brand-self association (Chaplin and Roedder John 2005; Escalas and Bettman 2003; Escalas 2004). By arranging the brand as a major aspect of oneself, a buyer builds up a feeling of unity with the brand, setting up subjective connections that associate the brand with oneself. In spite of the fact that subjective in its portrayal, this brand-self linkage is intrinsically enthusiastic (Mikulincer and Shaver 2007; Thomson et al. 2005), including bunch and possibly complex sentiments about the brand, including trouble and tension from brand-self partition, bliss, and solace from brandself vicinity, and pride from brand-self showcase. Shoppers can be associated with a brand since it speaks to what one's identity is (e. g. , a character premise) or on the grounds that it is significant considering objectives, individual concerns, or life extends (an instrumentality premise, Mittal 2006). Brand unmistakable quality. Notwithstanding brand-self connectio

Saturday at the water park

Saturday at the water park This is a tale of two college kids from two completely different worlds. Actually, its a story about going to a water park. But the reason my boyfriend and I ended up at the water park in the first place is that hes from a ski family; they own a condo in Maine and hes a ridiculously good skiier (that really is him, by the way). Im from a beach family in Ohio; I am of the firm belief that summer is not summer until one has read at least five books while basking in the South Carolina sun. Since a) relationships are all about compromise, b) we dont have a great deal of money, and c) we work too hard (Adams working his UROP and a research assistantship at Draper Labs, and Ive only taken three days off my UROP this summer, two of which were federal holidays) we decided to take our vacation this summer at Water Country, a water park about an hour away from MIT in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Adams friends from high school, Malox and Jinkrod (Not their real names. Adams dad nicknames everyone in his life.) showed up at the dorm and picked up me, Adam, and our friend Mark, who used to live in our suite and now just lives on our floor. We drove up to Water Country while blasting Boston because one of them is an MIT grad and because Adam and Malox like to sing off-key at the top of their lungs. It was a gorgeous day, 85 degrees and sunny, and we got started right away on one of the innertube rides. We ended up riding every one of the water slides, except for me I refused to ride the one that was almost vertical. To assuage me and my vacation = lazy sensibilities, we even rode the lazy river. Three times. It was a sweet vacation we got to eat Cool Dogs and scream our lungs out on the newest water slide, Dragons Den. And I got to run around with a bunch of cute guys. What more could you ask for in a vaca?

If Malgr Que Talks Supposition, Use the Subjunctive

Malgrà © que  (even though, despite the fact that) is a conjunctive phrase (locution conjonctive) that requires the subjunctive when theres uncertainty or supposition, as in:Il le fait malgrà © quil pleuve.Hes doing it even though its raining. Je suis venu malgrà © que je n’aie pas vraiment le temps.I came even though I really don’t have time. The Heart of the Subjunctive This goes to the heart of the subjunctive  mood, which  is used to express actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain, such as will/wanting, emotion, doubt, possibility, necessity and judgment. The subjunctive can seem overwhelming, but the thing to remember is: the subjunctive subjectivity or  unreality. Use this mood enough and it will become second nature...and quite expressive. The French subjunctive  is nearly always found in dependent clauses introduced by  que  or  qui, and the subjects of the dependent and main clauses are usually different. For example:      Je veux que tu le fasses.   I want you to do it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut que nous partions.    It is necessary that we leave. Dependent Clauses Take the Subjunctive When They: Contain verbs and expressions that express someones will, an  order, a need, a piece of advice or a desireContain verbs and expressions of emotion or feeling, such as fear, happiness, anger, regret, surprise, or any other sentimentsContain verbs and expressions of doubt, possibility, supposition  and opinionContain verbs and expressions, such as  croire que  (to believe that),  dire que  (to say that),  espà ©rer que  (to hope that),  Ãƒ ªtre certain que (to be certain that),  il paraà ®t que  (it appears that),  penser que  (to think that),  savoir que  (to know that),  trouver que  (to find/think that) and  vouloir dire que (to mean that), which only require the subjunctive when the clause is  negative or interrogatory. They  do  not  take the subjunctive when they are used in the affirmative, because they express facts that are considered certain—at least in the speakers mind.Contain French  conjunctive phrases  (locutions c onjonctives), groups of two or more words that have the same function as a conjunction and imply supposition.   Contain the  negative pronouns  ne ... personne  or  ne ... rien, or the  indefinite pronouns  quelquun  or  quelque chose. Follow main clauses containing  superlatives. Note that in such cases,  the subjunctive is optional, depending on how concrete the speaker feels about what is being said.   Why Malgr Que Takes the Subjunctive Malgrà © que  is one of the conjunctive phrases (locutions conjonctives)  described in number 5, many of which are listed below. These require the subjunctive because they imply uncertainty and subjectivity; it is best to try to memorize them, although you can also decide according to the meaning of the tense. Malgrà © que  belongs to a subset of this category called opposition conjunctions, such as bien que, sauf que, sans que and others. These Conjunctive Phrases Take the Subjunctive à   condition que   provided that à   moins que  Ã‚  unless à   supposer que  Ã‚  assuming that afin que  Ã‚  so that avant que  Ã‚  before bien que  Ã‚  although de crainte que  Ã‚  for fear that de faà §on que  Ã‚  so that, in order that, in such a way that de manià ¨re que  Ã‚  so that de peur que  Ã‚  for fear that de sorte que  Ã‚  so that en admettant que  Ã‚  assuming that en attendant que  Ã‚  while, until encore que  Ã‚  even though jusquà   ce que  Ã‚  until pour que  Ã‚  so that pourvu que  Ã‚  provided that quoique  Ã‚  even though quoi que  Ã‚  whatever, no matter what sans que  Ã‚  without Additional Resources The French SubjunctiveFrench ConjunctionsThe Subjunctivator!Quiz: Subjunctive or indicative?

SWOT Business Analysis of Nike - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2102 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction A brand consist not only of the logo or the visual identity. It is more than the product, the advertising campaign or the slogan. It is neither only controlled by the company behind it nor only a collection of perceptions that reside in the mind of customers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "SWOT Business Analysis of Nike" essay for you Create order A brand is a collection of things and it identifies everything that sets into the mind of the customer; it is the idea and feeling a customer has about the company and product. In this paper, an analysis of the brand Nike will be conducted. The brand analysis for Nike will help to understand Nike as a brand and the context surrounding it. While Nike may not always have the direct control over its brand, it needs to identify every interaction the customer has which influences its perceptions. This paper tries to identify how Nike should maintain his strong brand position which would lead to loyal customers and an increase in customer preference and profit. The remainder of this paper will proceed as follows. First, a short introduction to Nike. The next section will discuss the public opinion on Nike. Later there will be a competition analysis and with that information a brand perceptual model will be conducted. At last this paper will identify a SWOT analysis and it will conclude with recommendations and implications for Nike. About Nike Nike was established in 1962. It all started with a cooperation between Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight, who started to sell shoes under the name à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Blue Ribbon Sportsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . In 1978 the name of the company was officially changed into the, now widely known, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Nikeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , which is a reflection of a Greek goddess who personifies victory. Nike was established to fulfil a mission. This mission is to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world. In addition, Nikeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s focus is to continually seek to innovate, design and develop products to improve athletic performance. Its desire is to design products with true performance innovation and technology benefits which help the athlete perform better. Important is that Nike beliefs that if you have a body, you are an athlete and that implies that Nike is a brand for everyone. With its headquarter in the USA, shops all over the world and more than 40.000 employees, Nike i s at the moment one of the leading athletic footwear, apparel and equipment company in the world. Nike is famous for its à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“wooshà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  logo, which is recognized by people all over the world. For a lot of consumers, wearing Nike is a statement and it is a brand that can be worn with honour. The success of Nike is reflected in there continuously revenue growth, which was 8% in 2013 (Nike, INC. , 2013). In addition to its mission, Nike wants the company to achieve profitable and sustainable growth. Therefore, Nike pays a lot of attention to minimize any potentially negative impact on communities or nature. They state that there aim is to challenge, push and explore ways that change the game entirely for materials, design and manufacturing. Nike does not grow just to get bigger. They grow to be better and do better. Public Opinion Since Nike is a brand that has an important position in the society, the media is reporting a lot about Nike. According to The Wall Street Journal, Nikeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profits still raise because the demand for shoes and clothes grows even among people who have no intention of wearing them to the gym (Germano Stynes, 2014). This claim is confirmed by the widely available photos on the internet of fashion bloggers who are wearing Nike. It is a reflection of the fact that there is a current trend where fashion meets sporty. In addition, an interview done by Bloomberg with Mark Parker, the CEO of Nike, shows that Nike needs to move into the direction of a lifestyle brand because of the cultural shift that has put sports and fitness in a position that permeates many aspects of everyday life (Bloomberg TV, 2014). Moreover, Seeking Alpha called Nike the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Goddess of Victory, with an unstoppable growth businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Seeking alpha , 2014). Since one of Nikeà ¢Ã ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mission is to maintain sustainable growth, the public opinion keeps a close eye on it. Business Insider reports that Nike was able to solve its sweatshops problem which was considered as an enormous problem of Nike in the beginning of the 21th century. Nike was being shamed in public for its labour practices to the point where it badly tarnished the company ´s image and hurt sales. However, according to Business Insider, Nike was able to turn this image around by showing transparency. Moreover, according to Business Insider other companies who outsource could use Nikeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s turnover as an example (Nisen, 2013). In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world, where the opinion of the digital media and especially bloggers are almost becoming more important than the marketing campaigns of the brand itself, it is important to shed a light on them. A post from Emily Schuman, blogger from cupcakesandcashmere.com with more than 6 million page views a month can be more influential than an advertisement of Nike itself. Luckily for Nike, the general opinion of fashion bloggers on Nike is very positive (Schuman, 2014). Competitor analysis Nike is operating in the apparel, footwear and accessories industry which is a highly competitive market, with presence of a large number of players such as Puma, Adidas, New Balance and Asics. The apparel, footwear and accessories industry is exposed to continuous changes in consumer preferences and technology. As a result, if Nike is unable to adapt to changes quickly, it will immediately lose its market share. Comparing the results to its competitors, Nike reported total revenue increase in the third quarter of 2014 by 14.5% year on year (CSImarket, 2014). However, Nike feels the rising competition from emerging players and local players in emerging markets, which focus on niche market segments and are increasingly improving their product quality. The major threat for Nike comes from Adidas because theyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re best positioned to compete and have the second largest market share, which was 17% for Nike and 12% for Adidas in 2013 (Kondej, 2013). Adidas is a German brand established in 1949 that designs and manufactures sports shoes, clothing and accessories. The main marketing strategy slogan for Adidas is: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Adidas is all inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , which aims to present a unified image to consumers interested in sports, fashion, street, music and pop culture. Puma is another German multinational company which is a treat to Nike, it was formed in 1924. Its mission is to be the fastest sports brand in the world. Another competitor of Nike is New Balance is an American company found in 1906. Its mission is building a global brand that athletes are proud to wear, associates are proud to create and communities are proud to host. The last competitor that will be analysed in this article is Asics, a Japanese brand found in 1949. Its mission is to become the number one brand for the sports enthusiastic. Brand Perceptual Map In order to compare Nike with its competitors it is useful to develop a brand perceptual map. Using a brand perceptual map gives the opportunity to graphically display and explain the perceptions of customers with relation to the product characteristics. For constructing the brand perception map the brands are compared by two opposite aspects pairs, fashionable and non-fashionable and low comfort with high comfort. A fashionable brand is a brand that is conforming to the latest fashion trends or sets the trends by itself. Comfortable is mind and body being at ease or make a person feel secure, happy or relaxed. In order to identify what the scores for the different brands are for the 2 dimensions, it is important to determine consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ perceptions and evaluations of the product or service in relation to its competitors. Normally, marketers determine it by asking consumers a series of questions, but for this paper it is based on my own knowledge. On the fashionable versus non-fashionable scale, Nike scores the highest since it is recognized by a lot of people for providing clothes and shoes that could also be worn outside the gym. On the other hand, Asics is a brand which focus on the practical use. Adidas and New Balance are both brands that are highly fashionable but are valued less fashionable then Nike. Puma, with its mission to be the fastest sports brand in the world, already implies that it does not really focus on the fashionable aspect. Asics scores highest on the comfortable aspect since it is well known for its high quality and comfortable sporting clothes. On the other hand New Balance is called a sports brand but its shoes are mainly sold for daily usage so it scores low on the comfortable aspect. Nike and Adidas are both recognized for their comfort, while Puma is not really perceived as highly comfortable. Figure 1. Brand Perceptual Map SWOT analysis A SWOT analysis is very useful to identify the external and internal factors that influence Nike. One of Nike ´s strength is its logo, the so called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“wooshà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . When people see the logo without the brand name, they will immediately be able to identify it as Nike, which shows the power of the brand. Moreover, Nike is staying ahead of the technology curve, with an enormous capacity of innovation and a good RD department. On the other hand, Nike is showing some weaknesses since it is still mostly reliant on its footwear sales, although its wide range for sportswear. Moreover, Nike is facing enormous high advertisement costs. Nike is investing a lot of money into its marketing strategy and although its strategy works it comes at a high price tag. Nike is having opportunities since it is not only seen as a sporting brand but more and more customers put on Nike products just because their fashion style. Moreover, Nike can easily expand to emerging markets because of their strong brand name. For example Brazil, where the passion for sports is high, is on e of the easily target market in the future. The main treat for Nike is, as discussed before, the highly competitive market. If Nike is unable to adapt to consumer preferences quickly, it will immediately lose some of its market share to one of its competitors. Moreover, economic downturns affect consumer goods industries. The more of a population that is suffering financially, the smaller the market for Nike ´s goods. Implications and recommendations This paper identifies that Nike is a brand with a very good position. It is highly valued by its consumers and other critics and is the leader in its industry. Nike is both scoring high with its product on the comfortable and fashionable scale. Although, Nike has a very good brand positioning there are still some challenges ahead. First of all, Nike needs to make sure to react fast to consumer preferences changes. It needs to make sure that it stays innovating to be able to keep ahead of its competition. Moreover, with the current trend where fashion meets sporty, Nike needs to make sure that its products are both comfortable and fashionable to target both the consumers that want the best sporting wear and the consumers that want Nike products to wear during daily life. Moreover, Nike should acknowledge the power of Bloggers and should think to include this more in its marketing and advertisement strategy. However, after carefully examining the various aspects of the Nike brand and i ts competitors, I can conclude that the brand is facing a bright future. Still this brand analysis is just a very small step into analysing the forces that are influencing Nike. Especially, to conduct a more useful analysis, deeper market research is needed, where consumers are answering questions. References Bloomberg TV. (2014, Oct. 22). Nike CEO Parker: Im Bullish on Relationship With Apple. Retrieved Nov. 20, 2014, from Bloomberg TV: https://www.bloomberg.com/video/nike-ceo-our-connection-to-athletes-drives-company-HTGswG72R9C6dt24shLU6w.html CSImarket. (2014). Nike sales versus its competitors . Retrieved Nov. 21, 2014, from CSImarket: https://csimarket.com/stocks/compet_glance.php?code=NKE Germano, S., Stynes, T. (2014, Sept. 25). Nike Profits Rise on Higher Footwear, Apparel Sales. Retrieved Nov. 20, 2014, from The Wall Street Journal : https://online.wsj.com/articles/nike-earnings-rise-on-higher-footwear-apparel-sales-1411677987?KEYWORDS=Nike Kondej, M. (2013). The sportswear revolution: global market. Euromonitor International . Nike, INC. . (2013). ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K. Nike . Nisen, M. (2013, Sep. 09). How Nike Solved Its Sweatshop Problem. Retrieved Nov. 20, 2014, from Business Insider: https://www.businessinsider.com/how-nike-solved-its-sweatshop-problem-2013-5 Schuman, E. (2014, Feb.). New Kicks. Retrieved Nov. 20, 2014, from Cupcakes and Cashmere: https://cupcakesandcashmere.com/fashion/new-kicks Seeking alpha . (2014, Nov. 15). Nike: Goddess Of Victory, Unstoppable Growth Business. Retrieved Nov. 20, 2014, from Seeking Alpha : https://seekingalpha.com/article/2685425-nike-goddess-of-victory-unstoppable-growth-business

Chapter 18 Solutions Free Essays

EXERCISE 18-1 (10-15 minutes) Add or deduct from accounting income (a)2deduct (b)1add (c)3add (d)1add (e)2deduct (f)2deduct (g)1add (h3deduct (i)3deduct (j)1add (k)1add (l)1add EXERCISE 18-3 (15-20 minutes) (a) Accounting income$105,000 Permanent differences: Non-deductible fines 11,000 116,000 Timing differences: Excess of CCA over amortization (16,000) Excess rent collected over rent earned? 24,000 Taxable income$124,000 Current income taxes – 30% $37,200 (b) Deductible Balance(Taxable)Future TaxCurrent SheetTemporaryTax AssetLong- AccountDifferencesXRate(Liability)Term PP E($16,000)*30%($4,800) LT Unearned Rent revenue 24,00030% 7,200C Future income tax asset, Dec. 31, 20092,400 Future income tax asset before adjustment 0 Incr. in future income tax asset and future income tax benefit for 2009$2,400 *Carrying amount and tax basis are not given in the exercise, only the net difference (c)Current Income Tax Expense37,200 Income Tax Payable37,200 Future Income Tax Asset? 7,200* Future Income Tax Benefit2,400 Future Income Tax Liability? 4,800* *or a net debit to Future Income Tax Asset of $2,400 Because of a flat tax rate, these totals can be reconciled: $24,000 – $16,000) X 30% = $7,200 + ($4,800). We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 18 Solutions or any similar topic only for you Order Now EXERCISE 18-3 (Continued) (d)Income before income taxes$105,000 Income tax expense Current$37,200 Future benefit? (2,400)? 34,800 Net income$70,200 (e) Divided by Accounting @ 30% Income Accounting income $ 105,000 31,500 30. 0% Non-deductible fines 11,000 3,300 3. 1% 34,800 33. 1% Effective tax rate ($34,800/$105,000)33. 1% (f)Current assets Future income tax asset$7,200 Non-Current liabilities Future Income Tax Liability4,800 EXERCISE 18-9 (15-20 minutes) (a) Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2008AmountBasisDifferencesRate(Liability) Warranty liability($130,000)$0 $130,000 25%$32,500 Future income tax asset, December 31, 200832,500 Future income tax asset before adjustment 0 Increase in future income tax asset and future income tax benefit for 2008$32,500 Future years Total200920102011 Deductible temporary difference Warranty liability $130,000 $50,000 $35,000 $45,000 Tax rate enacted for the year 25%25%25% Future tax asset $32,500 $12,500 $8,750 $11,250 EXERCISE 18-9 (Continued) (b)2008 Accounting income$135,000 Permanent differences:-0- Timing difference: Warranty expense warranty costs incurred 130,000 Taxable income 265,000 Current income taxes – 25%$66,250 (c) Current Income Tax Expense66,250 Income Tax Payable 66,250 Future Income Tax Asset32,500 Future Income Tax Benefit32,500 (d)Income before income taxes$135,000 Income tax expense Current$66,250 Future benefit? (32,500) 33,750 Net income$101,250 EXERCISE 18-15 (40-45 minutes) (a) Basic Calculations of Capital Cost Allowance, Amounts and Balances: C-B (A)(B)A – B(C)Timing YearBaseCCAUCCAmort. NBVDifference 2007 $600,000 X 40 % X . $ 120,000 $ 480,000 $120,000$480,000$0 2008 480,000 X 40 % 192,000 288,000 120,000360,000(72,000) 2009 288,000 X 40 % 115,200 172,800 120,000240,0004,800 2010 172,800 X 40 % 69,120 103,680 120,000120,00050,880 2011 103,680 X 40 % 41,472 62,208120,000078,528 $537,792 (b) 20072008200920102011 Accounting income $ 340,000 $340,000 $340,000 $340,000 $ 340,000 Timing difference – (72,000) 4,8 00 50,880 78,528 Taxable income $ 340,000 $268,000 $344,800 $390,880 $ 418,528 X 34 %X 34 %X 34 %X 34 %X 34 % Income taxes payable$115,600$91,120$117,232$132,899$142,300 EXERCISE 18-15 (Continued) (c) and (d) 2007 Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2007AmountBasisDifferencesRate(Liability) Property Plant Equipment$480,000 $480,000 034%$0 Future income tax asset/liability, December 31, 20070 Future income tax asset/liability before adjustment 0 Increase in future income tax liability and future income tax expense for 2007$0 Current Income Tax Expense115,600 Income Taxes Payable? 115,600 ($340,000 X 34%) part (a) EXERCISE 18-15 (Continued) (c) and (d) continued 008 Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2008AmountBasisDifferencesRate(Liability) Property Plant Equipment$360,000$288,000 (72,000)34%($24,480) Future income tax liability, December 31, 2008(24,480) Future income tax liability before adjustment 0 Increase in future income tax liability and future income tax expense for 2008($ 24,480) Current Income Tax Expense91,120 Income Taxes Payable? 91,120 ($268,000 X 34%) part (a) Future Income Tax Expense24,480 Future Income Tax Liability? 24,480 EXERCISE 18-15 (Continued) (c) and (d) continued 2009 Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2009AmountBasisDifferencesRate(Liability) Property Plant Equipment$240,000$172,800 ($67,200)34%($22,848) Future income tax liability, December 31, 2009(22,848) Future income tax liability before adjustment (24,480) Decrease in future income tax liability and future income tax benefit for 2009$1,632 2009 Current Income Tax Expense117,232 Income Taxes Payable? 117,232 ($344,800 X 34%) part (a) Future Income Tax Liability1,632 Future Income Tax Benefit? 1,632 EXERCISE 18-15 (Continued) (c) and (d) continued 2010 Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2010AmountBasisDifferencesRate(Liability) Property Plant Equipment$120,000$103,680 ($16,320)34%($5,549) Future income tax liability, December 31, 2010(5,549) Future income tax liability before adjustment (22,848) Decrease in future income tax liability and future income tax benefit for 2010$17,299 2010 Current Income Tax Expense132,899 Income Taxes Payable? 132,899 ($390,880 X 34%) part (a) Future Income Tax Liability17,299 Future Income Tax Benefit? 17,299 EXERCISE 18-15 (Continued) (c) and (d) continued 2011 Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2011AmountBasisDifferencesRate(Liability) Property Plant Equipment$0$62,208 $62,20834%$21,151 Future income tax asset, December 31, 201121,151 Future income tax liability before adjustment (5,549) Increase in future income tax asset and future income tax benefit for 2011$26,700 2011 Current Income Tax Expense142,300 Income Taxes Payable? 142,300 ($418,528 X 34%) part (a) Future Income Tax Liability5,549* Future Income Tax Asset21,151* Future Income Tax Benefit? 26,700 *Alternately, a debit to Future Tax Asset26,700 EXERCISE 18-15 (Continued) (e) 2007 Current Income Tax Expense115,600 Income Taxes Payable? 115,600 ($340,000 X 34%) 2008 Current Income Tax Expense91,120 Income Taxes Payable? 91,120 ($268,000 X 34%) 2009 Current Income Tax Expense117,232 Income Taxes Payable? 117,232 ($344,800 X 34%) 2010 Current Income Tax Expense132,899 Income Taxes Payable? 132,899 ($390,880 X 34%) 2011 Current Income Tax Expense142,300 Income Taxes Payable? 142,300 ($418,528 X 34%) PROBLEM 18-9 Part 1. (a) Mixed tax rates Future years 20092010201120122013Total Future taxable amounts ($300) ($300) ($300) ($200) ($100) ($1,200) Tax rate enacted for the year 30%30%30%35%35% Future tax (liability) ($90) ($90) ($90) ($70) ($35) ($375) Future years 20092010201120122013Total Future deductible amounts $1,800 $1,800 Tax rate enacted for the year 30%30%30%35%35% Future tax asset – – – $ 630 – $ 630 PROBLEM 18-9 (Continued) Part 1. (a) Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2008Amount*Basis*DifferencesRate(Liability) Property Plant Equipment($1,200)Mixed($375) Litigation Liability1,800Mixed630 Future income tax asset, December 31, 2008255 Future income tax liability before adjustment (500) Increase in future income tax asset and future income tax benefit for 2008$755 * not given in the problem Part 1. part (b) Current Income Tax Expense1,200 Income Tax Payable1,200 ($4,000 X 30%) Future Income Tax Asset/Liability755 Future Income Tax Benefit755* *Alternately: Future Income Tax Asset630 Future Income Tax Liability125 Future Income Tax Benefit755 PROBLEM 18-9 (Continued) Part 2. (a) Mixed tax rates Future years 2009201020112012Total Future taxable amounts ($400) ($400) ($400) ($400) ($1,600) Tax rate enacted for the year 30%30%30%35% Future tax (liability) ($120) ($120) ($120) ($140) ($500) Future years 2009201020112012Total Future deductible amounts $3,000 $3,000 Tax rate enacted for the year 30%30%30%35% Future tax asset – – $900 – $900 PROBLEM 18-9 (Continued) Part 2. (a) Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2008Amount*Basis*DifferencesRate(Liability) Property Plant Equipment($1,600)Mixed($500) Litigation Liability3,000Mixed900 Future income tax asset, December 31, 2008400 Future income tax asset before adjustment 600 Decrease in future income tax asset and future income tax expense for 2008$200 * not given in the problem Part 2. part (b) Current Income Tax Expense1,200 Income Tax Payable1,200 ($4,000 X 30%) Future Income Tax Expense200* Future Income Tax Asset200* *Alternately: Future Income Tax Expense200 Future Income Tax Asset300 Future Income Tax Liability500 PROBLEM 18-9 (Continued) (c) Part 1 – All balance sheet related accounts are non-current Pirates Corp. Balance Sheet December 31, 2008 Non-current assets Future income tax asset$255 Part 2 – All balance sheet related accounts are non-current Eagles Corp. Balance Sheet December 31, 2008 Non-current assets Future income tax asset$400 PROBLEM 18-12 (a)2007 Income Tax Refund Receivable—20047,500 ($25,000 X 30%) Income Tax Refund Receivable—200518,000 ?($60,000 X 30%) Income Tax Refund Receivable—200632,000 ($80,000 X 40%) Current Income Tax Benefit (Due to Loss Carryback)57,500 Note:An acceptable alternative is to record only one Income Tax Refund Receivable account for the amount of $57,500. Future Income Tax Asset18,000 Future Income Tax Benefit (Due to Loss Carryforward)18,000 ($210,000 – $25,000 – $60,000 – $80,000 = $45,000) ($45,000 X 40% = $18,000) 2008 Current Income Tax Expense10,000 Income Tax Payable? 10,000 [($70,000 – $45,000) X 40%] Future Income Tax Expense18,000 Future Income Tax Asset18,000 ($18,000 – $0) 2009 Current Income Tax Expense31,500 Income Tax Payable ($90,000 X 35%)31,500 PROBLEM 18-12 (Continued) (b)One or more income tax refund receivable accounts totalling $57,500 will be reported under current assets on the balance sheet at December 31, 2007. This type of receivable is usually listed immediately above inventory in the current asset section. This receivable is normally collec ¬tible within two months of filing the amendment to the tax returns reflecting the carryback. A future income tax asset of $18,000 should also be classified as a current asset because the benefits of the loss carryforward are expected to be realized in the year that immediately follows the loss year, which means the benefits are expected to be realized in 2008. A current future income tax asset is usually listed at or near the end of the list of current assets on the balance sheet. Also, retained earnings is increased by $75,500 ($57,500 + $18,000) as a result of the entries to record the benefits of the loss carryback and the loss carryforward. (c)2007 Income Statement Operating loss before income taxes($210,000) Income tax benefit Current benefit due to loss carryback$57,500 Future benefit due to loss carryforward? 18,000 75,500 Net loss($134,500) (d)2008 Income Statement Income before income taxes$70,000 Income tax expense Current$10,000a Future? 18,000? 28,000 Net income$42,000 a [($70,000 – $45,000) X 40%] PROBLEM 18-12 (Continued) (e)2007 Income Tax Refund Receivable—20047,500 ($25,000 X 30%) Income Tax Refund Receivable—200518,000 ($60,000 X 30%) Income Tax Refund Receivable—200632,000 ?($80,000 X 40%) Current Income Tax Benefit (Due to Loss Carryback)57,500 Note:An acceptable alternative is to record only one Income Tax Refund Receivable account for the amount of $57,500. Although the tax benefit is not recognized in the accounts, Mearat Inc. has a tax loss carryforward of $45,000 which should be disclosed. 2008 Current Income Tax Expense10,000 Income Tax Payable? 10,000 [($70,000 – $45,000) X 40%] 2009 Current Income Tax Expense31,500 Income Tax Payable ($90,000 X 35%)31,500 (f)2007: entry for current taxes – no change 2007: if a valuation allowance is used, the full benefit and future tax asset related to the tax loss carryforward is recognized and then offset by the allowance, as follows. Future Income Tax Asset18,000 Future Income Tax Benefit (Due to Loss Carryforward)18,000 ($45,000 X 40% = $18,000) Problem 18-12 (f) (Continued) Future Income Tax Expense18,000 Allowance to Reduce Future Income Tax Asset to Realizable Value)18,000 ($18,000 – $0) 2008: entry for current taxes – no change 2008: because the tax loss carryforward has now been used, both the amount in the future tax account and in its allowance account must be removed, as follows. Future Income Tax Expense (Due to Use of Loss Carryforward)18,000 Future Income Tax Asset18,000 Allowance to Reduce Future Income Tax Asset to Realizable Value18,000 Future Income Tax Benefit (from Adjustment of Allowance)18,000 Alternatively, one entry could have been made: Allowance to Reduce Future Income Tax Asset to Realizable Value18,000 Future Income Tax Asset18,000 2009: No change to part (e) entry. (g)2007 Income Statement Operating loss before income taxes($200,000) Income tax benefit Current benefit due to loss carryback? 57,500 Net loss($142,500) 2008 Income Statement Income before income taxes$70,000 Income tax expense – Current a 14,000 Net income$56,000 a [($70,000 – $35,000) X 40%] PROBLEM 18-12 (Continued) h)Using the valuation allowance instead of applying the reduction in value directly does not have any impact on cash flows. The use of the contra allowance simply permits the recording of the full benefits associated with all future deductible amounts in the asset account. This facilitates tracking for management purposes. It has no use for financial reporting purposes except, perhaps, for the transparency of the information. Readers can see the total possible benefits and the extent to which management has judged they will not be realized. Use of the allowance has no impact on cash flows. How to cite Chapter 18 Solutions, Essay examples

Lid free essay sample

She had me start by reading the twelve-page list of prospective card receivers. The Reverends Davis, I shouted into her ear with a low-pitched voice. I noticed black hairs sprouting from her chin. Whiskers. Gravity caused the skin on her chin and neck to hang a roosters wattles. Speak at a lower decibel level, she reminded me, while fiddling with her hearing aid. She sat tall, her fingers contorted and thick as sausages folded neatly in her lap, waiting to correct my next mispronunciation. I read off strange names, A.B.C. Whipple and Mrs. Crosby Beady, to which she would respond, Dead, or She didnt send me one last year, so cross her off the list. After I updated The List she gave me a tour of her house, proudly pointing out the Books by Friends collection in her library; she told me I would be doing more with that next week. We will write a custom essay sample on Lid or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She led me up the stairs, eager to show me Bernies room. Bernie turned out to be a cab driver living in her attic. She showed me her piano by the window, sat down, and began humming loudly, producing the occasional trill. A man had attempted to rob her the previous night and the neighbors thought he was living in her shed; she wanted me to check. I told her it was time for me to go home. She led me to her front door, disappointed, and spread her arms wide to say goodbye. I didnt want to hug her. I thought old ladies were supposed to be cute. Not Lid. Sunday afternoon arrived too quickly. I considered not ringing her doorbell. Shed probably forget I was supposed to come, but I felt guilty so I pressed. She invited me in and offered me stale vanilla wafers and Tang. Her dog Mavis kept tailing me and licking my legs. I typed up the new list on her 1986 Macintosh Plus and put snowman address labels on the cards, if you could call a picture of a clear blue Jersey sky and a barn roof a C hristmas card. The caption read, Happy Holidays! My house is undergoing construction! When I finished, Lid had a new task for me: categorize each book in her library; shelve appropriately. I didnt understand the Dewey Decimal System. Im afraid of being useless, or trading in my independence for a First Alert necklace and a room at a home. At the Franklin Institute, my teacher made everyone see what wed look like at age 75 using an age progressor machine. I pretended I had to go to the bathroom. When my Brownie Troop sang Christmas carols at a nursing home, I hid in the back row. At age ninety-four, Lid is so full of life. I dont want to live my life fearing my birthday or wrinkles. I didnt realize how much I meant to her. After I complete a simple task of finding the map of South Carolina in her map drawer, she squeals, and her whole face lights up. I would never have been able to do that without you, she gushes. What she doesnt know is that I look forward to next week when I sta rt addressing this years Christmas cards.

Stop Pollution a Way of Saving Earth Essay Example

Stop Pollution: a Way of Saving Earth Paper Ways to Stop Pollution Meaning unclear However, there are still people who do not realize the effects of pollution to everyones omit generalized terms life and health until these days in which many nations are experiencing natural disasters such as, change punctuation to colon flash floods, landslide, and global warming and nature extinction. In order to prevent these natural disasters from destroying our planet, pollution should be surmounted. Be specific. Answer these questions when forming thesis: who, what, where, when and why? What type of pollution? For whom? Within the parameters of this short essay, create a clear and defined thesis statement. When people say pollution, it does not only represent one aspects awkward harassing but it occurs in three types: land, water, and air. The effects of pollution can be so destructive; however, there are ways to prevent these three types of pollution: Narrow to focus on one facet of pollution? Delve into this type of pollution throughout the essay? Land pollution is the destruction of land affecting the land resources and crops including corn, wheat, and rice. In addition to this, it also weakens roots of big trees and some plantation; it happens when people dispose their thrash word choice? Irresponsibly. We will write a custom essay sample on Stop Pollution: a Way of Saving Earth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stop Pollution: a Way of Saving Earth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stop Pollution: a Way of Saving Earth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In land pollution, thrash, especially plastic ND metal cans, bury on soil awkward phrasing but they do not easily decompose. Soil obtains the harmful chemicals from these non- biodegradable materials insert comma weakening and destroying any plantation. The pace is rapid -? slow the pace and explore this topic further. In addition to this, illegal logging also contributes to land pollution. The result of this pollution is visible in a form of landslide. Since roots of the trees are weakening due to plastics chemicals meaning unclear, the roots have weak hold on the soil, awkward phrasing which allow the soil awkward phrasing to bud. In order to prevent this in happening awkward phrasing, a responsible disposing of thrash should be done. Biodegradable materials can be buried on a composite pit, meaning unclear but non-biodegradable material should be reuse, reused? And recycled. Next to land pollution is water pollution. Meaning unclear Water pollution is mostly cause caused by factories that dispose their chemical wastes on seas or any body of water. Awkward sentence structure This act destroys coral reefs that helps maintain the purity Of the waters as well as protection Of aquatic animals that human consumes. Awkward phrasing On the other hand, not only factories contribute in destroying water bodies, awkward phrasing but as well as citizens who live near waters by, again, disposing their waste irresponsibly on rivers; small marine animals mistaken these wastes as food, hence poisoning them. Awkward sentence structure A wise way to help improving the cleanliness of the water awkward phrasing is to create an association that maintains oceans, seas, or rivers to collect the thrash they find on the shore, before any marine animals could get harmed. Awkward phrasing Lastly is air pollution. Sentence fragment Burning of plastic and using appliances are some of the major causes of air pollution. Sentence fragment Burning of plastic and appliances such as, refrigerator and air conditioner, release chlorofluorocarbon (CUFF) reacting with the chemical composition of the ozone layer creating a hole on it. Sentence fragment This result to the thinning of the ozone layer, awkward phrasing hence making human more exposed to the harmful ultraviolet rays emerging from the sun.

Internet Rewires Our Brain

Internet Rewires Our Brain The Internet has become an essential part of human life. It is impossible to imagine a civilized house without an Internet. All the companies work with the help of the Internet and it seems that people are unable to live without this innovation. The Internet gives people much.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Rewires Our Brain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More News is considered on the Internet, all the information people need may be found online, people communicate and entertain with the help of the Internet. However, many scientists start warning people about the harmful effect of the Internet on human brain. To operate actively and successfully, human brain should work. The Internet prevents people from thinking that results in stunting their mental growth. Much research is initiated in this direction and thinking critically it is possible to find many reasons why people should start warring about their bra in rewire. Reading the article ‘As the Internet rewires our brains’ written on February 28, 2009 by Kurt Cagle, it is impossible to disagree with the statements provided there that the Internet â€Å"is turning us into idiot savants, Aspergers and reverting our brains to a more primitive state†. Starting the discussion with the most popular Internet services, it is essential to speak about Facebook and Twitter. These services affect human ability to think. Children who start communicating in these social nets stop thinking critically. Heavy use of Facebook and Twitter makes children just repeat the said, think primitive and forget about critical skills. To be critically developed, human brain has to work. Such services as Facebook and Twitter do not give people an opportunity to think, they just make them consume some information which does not train human brain. People repeat primitive statements, they get to know the simplest news about the life of other people , but this information does not make people think, therefore, their brain remains stable. As it has already been mentioned, people have to train their brain to have the skills of critical thinking and to have brain work, in general. What is Facebook? It is a social network which helps people to get in touch, but, in practice, many people have made it the way of their life. Twitter is a more primitive way of social life, and it also makes people degrade. How else does the social network affect people? Thinking about the Internet, the most spread facility which comes to mind is communication.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is obvious that many people communicate online with friends and relatives who live far away. But the main problem is that there are people who begin to think that online communication is the only way of interaction. Kurt Cagle in his article presen ts several examples of the cases when people could not understand each other when speaking in the real world. Live communications are not interesting for people. Modern youth would better write a message online than call to a person or arrange a meeting. Online people have an opportunity to speak with many friends at one and the same time and there is no need to leave the house. Moreover, people are able to write messages without showing intonation and face reaction. People can think about the answer for some time. All these aspects make people lazy. Therefore, when they speak in a real world, from eye to eye, it seems that they fail to understand each other as there is not much time on thinking. Rereading a message or answering it online people may think thoroughly, but there is no such an opportunity while real communication. Speaking in a real world people forget how to express their opinion. They have to think fast, but the absence of constant training and practice does not give them a chance to express their thoughts adequately that leads to full misunderstanding. One more problem of the Internet which confirms the opinion that it rewires our brains is the absence of the concentration while reading. When people read books they have to be too concentrated not to leave important details. Now, reading a book, people do not need to think about it. There is a lot of software and other possibilities which help people find necessary information in the text without reading the whole part. Moreover, having forgotten the place where the information is located people can easily search for that fragment using the innovative technologies. This also leaves people without the necessity to train their brain. According to Kurt Cagle, human brain has to work in order to be active. When people read information with the desire to remember it brain works, but if people do not try to memorize the most important parts, when they are not interested in thinking critically brain s tops working. Moreover, the Internet is full of many comments and reviews on the necessary topic and many people use them. It is easier to ask at Yahoo or use another service online where those who think may answer this question. This information is referred to. Unfortunately, the Internet gives people too much information. The intensive stream of information lowers human attention. It is a fact that when people consume too much information they do not need to, they stop paying much attention to it, their attention lowers and it leads to inability to remember information. Those facts which people have to remember may be found online, why should they memorize them?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Rewires Our Brain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kurt Cagle says that all the changes in human activities lead to changes in human mind. When people learnt speaking their brain changed. The development of reading and writing also affected human mind. Now the Internet era has come and it is a big question whether it benefits human brain or harms it. According to the facts and research which has already been conducted, the Internet â€Å"kills† the skills people have been obtaining during many centuries. The innovations assist people and make their lives easier. However, they also prevent human brain from work which is a negative side. In conclusion, I would like to state that I agree with the article ‘As the Internet rewires our brains’ by Kurt Cagle. People stop learning. Getting more information, they do not see a necessity to remember it that prevents their brain from work. It is obvious that human live communication is important, but people do not tend to speak to each other eye to eye as it is easier to write a message. All these factors are upsetting as the destinations of many centuries are ruined. New generations would follow the examples of their parents and they would refuse to think. Thus, I suppose that in several centuries we will have to start learning writing and critical thinking as our ancestries did.

Comunication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comunication - Essay Example It is also advisable for one to look people directly in the eye when communicating. Eye contacts in communication convey truth as well as honor. It is also good to ask questions before ending a conversation so as to clarify on some points that were not clear. Writing things down is also part of communication; writing helps one to remember a lot. Additionally, it is advisable for one to read whole messages or mails in order to avoid concluding things in the wrong way. Health care environment is associated with diverse communication between health care practitioners and patients as well as patients and nurses. As a result of this, effective communication is crucial. Team collaboration is also paramount to all activities that take place within a health-center. In most occasions, lack of communication results to medical errors; unfortunately, medical errors are a pervasive problem in many health care organizations (Finkelman, 2012). The errors are also the main causing agents for the deaths in healthcare organizations. Since medical education advocates error-free practices, it is crucial for health care professionals to be good in communication as well as to have good communication

Analysis essay of Shakespeares My Mistres' eyes are nothing like the

Analysis of Shakespeares My Mistres' eyes are nothing like the sun - Essay Example The poet’s affection towards his lover is evident in his words, and he very well knows that her beauty is less, but important. The mistress’ beauty is compared to the sun; her lips are compared to that of coral, her breasts to that of white snow, and her hair is compared to black wires. Again, the poet compares her cheeks to Rose flowers which are red and white in color, and her breath is compared to the fragrance of perfume. In the third quatrain, speaker compares her sound to music, and to a goddess who walks in the ground. It ends with a couplet in which the speaker declares that his love is rare and valuable. The speaker is in a satirical mood against the false comparison of love which was common in the traditional sonnets in early 1600s. This sonnet is selected for analysis because it helps one to have an idea about the private life of Shakespeare and the power of true love poem. It is argued that sonnet CXXX is a pure love poem and is strictly against the traditional sonnet pattern of the 16th century in England. Besides, Shakespeare is mocking the sonneteers of the 16th century who attempted to select extraneous objects to compare their lovers. Henry Brown, in his work-‘The sonnets of Shakespeare solved, and the mystery of his friendship, love, and rivalry revealed’ reflects that: â€Å"A satirical picture of the mistress, in contrast to the high-flown terms used by the sonneteers of the day† (Brown 134) the sonnet contains a satirical portrayal of the mistress, which lacks in the traditional sonnets of 16th century. It is a controversial issue that the character of the mistress is fictitious or autobiographical. If the character is real, her identity is open to debate. But it is clear that the sonnet CXXX is addressed to a lady by pointing out the words like ‘mistress’, ‘her’, etc used by Shakespeare. Personal ly, the sonnet is a love poem and there is

Comparison of Join algorithms in MapReduce Framework

Comparison of Join algorithms in MapReduce Framework Mani Bhushan, Balaraj J, Oinam Martina Devi Abstract: In the current technological world, there is generation of enormous data each and every day by different media and social networks. The MapReduce framework is increasingly being used widely to analyse large volumes of data. One of the techniques that framework is join algorithm. Join algorithms can be divided into two groups: Reduce-side join and Map-side join. The aim of our work is to compare existing join algorithms which are used by the MapReduce framework. We have compared Reducer-side merge join and Map-side replication-join in terms of pre-processing, the number of phases involved, whether it is sensitive to data skew, whether there is need for distributed Cache, memory overflow. The objective is to determine which algorithm holds well in given scenario. I INTRODUCTION Data-intensive applications include large-scale data warehouse systems, cloud computing, data-intensive analysis. Applications for large-scale data analysis use MapReduce (MR) paradigm [6]. MAPREDUCE is a programming model for processing and generating large data sets. Users specify a map function that processes a key/value pair to generate a set of intermediate key/value pairs and a reduce function that merges all intermediate values associated with the same intermediate key [5]. Let us look upon the execution of MapReduce execution. MapReduce Execution: The Map/Reduce framework consists of two operations, â€Å"map† and â€Å"reduce†, which are executed on a cluster of shared-nothing commodity nodes. In a map operation, the input data available through a distributed file system, is distributed among a number of nodes in the cluster in the form of key-value pairs. Each of these mapper nodes transforms a key-value pair into a list of intermediate key-value pairs [1]. The intermediate key-value pairs are propagated to the reducer nodes such that each reduce process receives values related to one key. The values are processed and the result is written to the file system [1]. Figure 1.1: MR execution in detail [7]. In [3], the authors have described crucial implementation details of a number of well-known join strategies in MapReduce, and present a comprehensive experimental comparison of these join techniques on a 100-node Hadoop cluster. The authors have provided the overview of MapReduce overall. They have described how to implement several equijoin algorithms for log processing in MapReduce. They have used the MapReduce framework as it is, without any modification. Therefore, the support for fault tolerance and load balancing in MapReduce is preserved. They have worked on Repartition Join, Broadcast Join, Semi-Join, and Per-Split Semi-Join. The authors have revealed many details that make the implementation more efficient. We have evaluated the join methods on a 100-node system and shown the unique tradeoffs of these join algorithms in the context of MapReduce. We have also explored how our join algorithms can benefit from certain types of practical preprocessing techniques. In [4], the authors have examined the algorithms for performing equi-joins between datasets over Map/Reduce and have provided a comparative analysis. The results indicate that all join algorithms are significantly affected by certain properties of the input datasets (size, selectivity factor, etc.) and that each algorithm performs better under certain circumstances. Our cost model manages to capture these factors and estimates fairly accurately the performance of each algorithm. II COMPARISON OF ALGORITHMS Data-intensive applications required to process multiple data sets. This implies the need to perform several join operation. Its known join operation is one of the most expensive operations in terms both I / O and CPU costs [6]. Now let us see two of the join algorithms analysed in the earlier work: 2.1 Reducer-side merge join: It is the most straightforward way to join two datasets over the Hadoop framework. It can be considered as the Hadoop version of the parallel sort-merge join algorithm. The main idea is to sort the input splits on the join column, forward them to the appropriate reducer and then merge them during the reduce phase. The performance of the algorithm is dominated by two main factors. The first is the communication overhead required to shuffle the datasets through the network from mapper to reducer. The second one is the time required to sort and write the datasets to disk before forwarding them to the reducers. However, the drawback of the the Reduce-side merge join is that the map function does not apply any filter and the output size remains at the same size with the input and also the reducer loads in memory all the tuples of each split. Figure 1.2 Reducer-side merge join [4] 2.2 Map-side replication-join The Map-Side Replication join tries to address the drawbacks of the previous approach. The concept was initially conceived in the database literature [2]. The implementation is much simpler compared to the previous algorithm. We start by replicating the small table to all nodes by using the distributed cache facility. Then, during the setup2 of the mapper we load the table into a hash table. For each value of the hash table we nest an array list for storing multiple rows with the same join attribute. Hence, for each row of the bigger table we search over only the unique keys of the small table. In the case we have many rows per join attribute it results in substantial performance gain. The hash table provides constant time search for a key value. During the execution of the mapper for each key-value pair of the input split we extract the join attribute and probe the hash table. If the value exists we combine the tuples of the matching keys and submit the new tuple. The algorithm is i llustrated in figure 1.3. The main disadvantage of this algorithm is that it is restricted by the memory size of the nodes. If the small table does not fit in memory we cannot use the algorithm at all. Figure 2.2 Map-side replication-join. III CONCLUSION IV REFERENCES [1] Fariha Atta. Implementation and analysis of join algorithms to handle skew for the hadoop mapreduce framework. Master’s thesis, MSc Informatics, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 2010. [2] Shivnath Babu. Towards automatic optimization of mapreduce programs. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM symposium on Cloud computing, SoCC ’10, pages 137–142, New York, NY, USA, 2010. ACM. [3] Spyros Blanas, Jignesh M. Patel, Vuk Ercegovac, Jun Rao, Eugene J. Shekita, and Yuanyuan Tian. A comparison of join algorithms for log processing in mapreduce. In Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Management of data, SIGMOD ’10, pages 975–986, New York, NY, USA, 2010. ACM. [4] A Chatzistergiou. Designing a parallel query engine over map/reduce. Master’s thesis, MSc Informatics, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 2010. [5] Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat. Mapreduce: a flexible data processing tool. Commun. ACM, 53:72–77, January 2010. [6] A. Pigul. Comparative Study Parallel Join Algorithms for MapReduce environment. Saint Petersburg State University. [7] S. Blanas, J. M. Patel, V. Ercegovac, J. Rao, E. J. Shekita, and Y. Tian. A comparison of join algorithms for log processing in mapreduce. In SIGMOD ’10: Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Management of data, pages 975–986, New York, NY, USA, 2010. ACM. [8] Shivnath Babu. Towards automatic optimization of MapReduce programs. In SIGMOD ’10: Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Management of data. Pages 137-142. New York, NY, USA, 2010. ACM.

My Favorite Show Essay

I have many favorite shows; one of my favorite would have to be Prison Break. There are so many reasons why it’s my favorite. My main reason is the plot of the story/show. Two brothers who broke out of jail with a group of other prisoners. Another reason is the suspense of the show. It’s literally impossible to guess what’s going to happen next. My last reason is probably just me but the little messages the show gives here and there. Messages in the sense of what it shows for what a real friendship should look like. The plot of the show is two brothers of which the young one, Michael Scofield, gets himself thrown in jail to break his older brother, Lincoln Burrows, out who is sentenced to death for a crime he didn’t commit. With just that happening in the show it’s amazing. People escaping you can see happening, but getting thrown in jail to break someone else out is interesting. Also what got my attention is how Michael planned the escape. Besides being a genius, he tattooed the prisons blueprints and needed information on how to stay out on his body. There was never a boring episode, since day one in prison the escape started he just needed to get the people necessary to escape from the prison like: the guy with the money, the guy with the transportation, and finally he needed his cell mate to agree. Finally, the relationship between both of the brothers. It isn’t your typical love story between brothers. They weren’t in each other’s life after they turned 18. And for Michael to break Lincoln out even after they lost touch of each other and Michael never showed any understanding of why Lincoln is a bum. It’s interesting that he still risked his entire career and life for this escape. Another reason is the suspense of the show, and how true it is to its category. You can never guess what’s going to happen next, for example, the first season starts off right, everything is going as planned and then the first attempt to escape isn’t what everyone expects when the escape fails. After that episode, I was completely hooked on it. I also liked that Michael kept part of the plans to himself; he never revealed his complete plan to anyone, keeping the audience in complete suspense as in how is he going to pull it off. Also, it’s very emotional not in your typical love story between both characters but in every relationship within the characters. I think it’s very popular with other shows that it’s just two characters and forget about the others. The show was very true to its point/plot. Finally, my personal reason to loving the show is the little messages/quotes they sent throughout the series. The friendship between Michael and his cellmate, Sucre. It was as if they were the brothers, very close, always had each other back. They had their differences but sometimes people have to realize that there’re more important things when time is limited. The relationship with the brothers was very different and admirable. I appreciated that a lot and I can honestly say it made the relationship with my brother and me a lot closer and stronger. Michael and Lincoln aren’t really brother’s even though they find out at the end Michael never stopped his plan and that was inspiring because it showed that nothing was going to separate them nothing was going to stop them from being free. My favorite quote from the show is you can’t go back and have new beginnings, but you can start now and have a happy ending. I find so much meaning into this quote. You obviously cant start a new beginning, but you can always change the end if it’s going terrible. When Michael told Lincoln this I was convinced that Michael truly loved Lincoln even though they were really brothers. I understood even though we weren’t born brothers, we’re dying brothers. In conclusion, I became obsessed with Prison Break. The show was so creative and amazingly written. The cast in my opinion did an amazing job they were so believable. The suspemse of the show was good and was smart; they never revealed the entire plan. Then there’s the messages the show throws out. You have to stay true to your own. Family is family at the end.

Conceptions of crime Essay

Conceptions of crime are distorted by exposure to media coverage. Discuss. This cours from coursework. inf coga ga† . â€Å"r se† . ga . â€Å"ga† . â€Å"w or†. ga . † † . ga . â€Å"k inga foga † . ga . â€Å"! The media constitutes a major part of modern society and plays a large role in our lives. It is the prime source of information and entertainment, and moreover acts as a strong influence on public belief and opinion. The media is highly influential in coae ae† . â€Å"r se† . ae . â€Å"ae† . â€Å"w or†. ae . † † . ae . â€Å"k inae foae † . ae . â€Å". shaping our views upon the world in which we live. When it comes to crime, coae ae† .†r se† . ae . â€Å"ae† . â€Å"w or†. ae . † † . ae . â€Å"k inae foae † . ae . â€Å". however, do the reports shown by the media present an accurate picture of the true This cours from coursework. inf events? The more horrific the report, the more likely it is to capture the attention of the public, which obviously secures plenty of profit for media barons. Is our increasing reliance on an institution that relies on sensationalism to create profit unwise, as this could well mean that the facts they report lack truth? The media reinforces social myths by selective reporting, and thus presents a distorted view ofreality. This could be leading to an increasingly misconstrued public view of certain crimes. The media is a very powerful influence on the way in which we behave and how we view the world, therefore it is important that it shows a realistic picture of what is taking place in our society, otherwise we will gain a false perception of aspects such as crime. Is the media really portraying crime as it truly is, or is it selectively reporting the most colourful events in order to secure audiences and therefore profit? It is important to understand that there are many crimes that are completely ignored by the media, as they are not seen as ? newsworthy?. Usually only those that will capture public attention are mentioned. This means that the crimes that fill our screens and pages are usually violent or shocking in nature. From a functionalist perspective this can serve a positive function, as the deviant behaviour makes ordinary people feel safe in the knowledge that they are morally better than the criminal, and reporting of crimes and subsequent punishments can also serve as a deterrent to others and a good method of reinforcing the social order. However, there is also a certain degree of bias present in all reporting that stems from the integrated norms and moral background of the journalist involved. It is almost impossible to be completely objective when reporting, and most journalists will slant their stories to appeal to the widest possible audience. This is theorized in the hegemonic model, and works on the basis that the majority of journalists are likely to be white, male and middle-class and will therefore bring with them to their stories their own similar set of norms and values, be this unconsciously or otherwise. The editors will also carry out a selection process on the stories before they hit the public view; therefore it is highly unlikely that any crime report reaches the news in an unbiased state.? Journalists also tend to use a set of stereotypes, which serve to easily identify ? types? of people and reduce complexities of character to a series of ? bad guys? and ? good guys?. These can lead the public to make quick judgments, which may not be based on true fact.? The media? s presentation of stereotypical images can change the public opinion on certain groups in society, and may create a false picture of them that may be harmful. The groups most often portrayed as criminal are the less privileged and minority groups such as those from ethnic minorities. Because our lives are so deeply influenced by the media we begin to see the portrayal of these groups as a reality, and this may cause crimes committed by other groups or individuals (such as corporate crime in the middle class) to be overlooked or seen as less serious.? In addition, the police can make use of the media to help maintain social order by choosing what to tell reporters, as many news stories use police accounts as a major source for their information. A good example of the media distorting aspects of crime is shown with the reporting of women involved in criminal activity. The common media portrayal of women is more passive and much less inclined to commit crime, and when they do it is seen as less violent or shocking in nature, or as influenced by a stronger male personality, for example Myra Hindley was commonly said to have been under the influence of Ian Brady when the horrific Moors murders were committed. Media coverage usually concentrates on the most violent and shocking aspects of crime. This can often be far from the truth, and puts the public in fear when in reality there is a tiny chance of them falling victim. Listening to the news, it appears that the country is riddled with serial killers and rapists however official crime statistics would show that this is not the case. Reporting like this can lead to mass panic and fear across the country, and this aspect was investigated further by Stanley Cohen in his book ? Folk Devils and Moral Panics? where he studied the 1960s mods and rockers conflicts. The media? s handling of the fights between the rivals groups made it sound as if Brighton was full of riots and was a very dangerous place, when in reality this was a false picture of events. However, these stories grabbed the headlines, and as a result appealed to a large audience and gained lots of attention with the public. At the moment there is lots of media coverage about murders in Cornwall, and about the girl who was kidnapped and murdered on Dartmoor. The way these are reported makes people fearful that there is a serial killer on the loose, when in reality there is probably little chance of this happening to them and they should be more concerned with the more common but less ? colourful? crimes that threaten society, most of which would be much more obvious if the public were able to look at official crime statistics. This viewpoint fits in well with the idea of the media as a manipulative entity that is ideologically biased and therefore bases its selection of news on this fundamental bias. This manipulation theory is Marxist in origin and works on the idea that the public are passive and absorb the information that the media presents them with without question, and that the media consist of the ruling class who use media channels to perpetuate their views and opinions in society. Official statistics paint an interesting picture of the true nature of crime levels in society. It is a fact that crime rates have actually remained stable over the last year, after experiencing a period of decline. This challenges the constant media message that crime is everywhere and on the increase. When people were interviewed about crime rates many of them believed that crime was well on the increase, as result of a ? heightened degree of press coverage which particularly focused on a claimed rise in crime.? (Jon Simmons in the Home Office Report 2002).? It is a well-known fact that the media tend to emphasise aspects and types of crime that are violent or shocking, such as murder and rape, which affects the general population by creating huge worry about occurrences of violent crime when it is a statistical fact that one is over four times more likely to fall victim to burglary. Another form of media that can, and often does, present distorted representations of crime are television shows such as The Bill, Merseybeat or reality shows such as Crimewatch. For example Crimewatch focuses on catching criminals who have carried out violent crime and places little or no emphasis on occurrences of burglary or more ? normal? crimes, even though this type of crime is much more frequent. The Bill shows many incidents of violent crime, however also tends to show other less ? newsworthy? forms of crime such as theft which is a more realistic approach. coac ac† . â€Å"r se† . ac . â€Å"ac† . â€Å"w or†. ac . † † . ac .†k inac foac † . ac . â€Å". There are a number of media influence models that attempt to explain the extent and nature of media influence. The manipulation theory presented earlier is one of these theories; however there are others that attempt to explain the media? s effect on society in different ways. The pluralist model argues that the public are not passive receptors but active participants with the ability to choose and form their own opinions from the vast variety of information presented by the media, whether about crime or about other social issues. The media only serve to reinforce the existing values that people possess. Tversky and Kahneman suggest that the easier it is to recall or imagine an event, the more likely we are to see it as risky or as frequent in occurrence (Tversky and Kahneman cit. 1994: 303). Therefore if this is correct then constant media coverage of violent crimes could lead us to believe that such crimes are the ones most likely to affect us. Mass media reporting can also serve as a substitute for direct experience, however research into this supports the pluralist model by showing that people are usually active consumers and interpreters rather than passive recipients. The issue at hand seems to be the growing difference between the way the public perceive crime and the reality as shown by official statistics. For some reason, society has a far greater fear of murder and other violent crime than is justified by the actual number of occurrence, when in reality there is far greater likelihood of incidences of burglary or car crime. So where do these fears stem from? The answer appears to be that they come from the way in which the media report crimes and how they select the most newsworthy aspects so that more papers will get sold and so viewing figures will increase. In conclusion it is an unavoidable fact that our society is so immersed in the media that its influence is hard to get away from. To a large extent, media does form our social world, however it is also true that people are active interpreters of information, and are able to utilize their own opinions on events and stories shown by the media. We are only taking in what the media offer to us not the real truth about what is happening. It is very easy for our conceptions of crime to be distorted by the way that the media portray it, as the only information we are receiving on the events is that which comes from the media. However if people really are actively interpreting and thinking about the true nature of crime levels, while attempting to broaden their horizons of information, then they will be more aware of the reality of the situation and our conceptions will be far less influenced by media constructed images and opinions. Bibliography Maguire, M, R. Reiner and R. Morgan. 2002 The Oxford Handbook Of Criminology New York: Oxford University Press Haralambos, M. 2000? Themes and Perspectives in Sociology? 4th edition Cohen, S and Young, J. 1973? The Manufacture Of News: Deviance, Social Problems and the Mass Media, London: Constable and Co Ltd.

My Beloved Daughter By Susan B. Anthony - 1018 Words

My beloved daughter, I wrote this for you when I was two months away from seventeen years old, and I hope this letter reaches you when you’re about the same. I want to first talk to you about women, and why I was incredibly lucky to grow up a woman in the age that I did and why I hope you are even luckier. The women who came before me fought for their mothers, their sisters, their daughters, and their nieces so that they could have the life they deserved. Women like Susan B. Anthony, Dorothy Height, Jane Addams, Alice Stone Blackwell, and so many others had a unified dream: equality for women. I am so grateful to live in a time they could only dream of. Some of the opportunities I have been given, they wouldn’t even be able to imagine.†¦show more content†¦You’re a prize, all girls are. And I hope you never forget that. Keeping on the topic of women, I want you to remember something: girls aren’t the enemy. A girl isn’t a roadblock in the way to dating someone, or a something to be jealous of. Girls are an incredibly powerful force, in my opinion. But this also means that girls can tear each other down, pretty harshly. In my experience, girls, for some reason, can be really nasty to each other. We know just how to get to each other, how to push each other’s buttons, and we know right where something would hurt the most. For this reason, I have somehow been a part of more girl fights than I can think of. I was either a neutral party in the fight or I was directly involved. I’m not sure why this is, why girls insist or tearing each other down. Girls are really quick to get on the defensive if something happens, but I just wonder what would happen if we channeled that. If girls everywhere fought injustice instead of each other, would we become a force to be reckoned with? G irls aren’t the enemy; they should be working with you against a common enemy. Stick up for your fellow girl, and they’ll stick up for you. There is a trend I keep seeing among my friends: they change themselves to fit someone else’s ideas. They change something just so that they can fit in or just so they can stay in a relationship. I never want you to do that, I never want you to change who you are for someone else. If you’re