Why do you think some aviation hazards go unreported How might you Essay

Why do you think some aviation hazards go unreported How might you change attitudes of people who do not report such problems - Essay Example dents tend to go unreported is because they are considered either to be minor or there is lack of knowledge as to the effect that such minor incidents may have in the long term. The most important step that needs to be undertaken and is being undertaken is the fact that awareness of such hazards and their knowledge is given to the crew so that they are able to interpret the potential hazard and its outcome. Furthermore pressurizing the crew to report such incidents and any untoward incident which might be a potential hazard should be done. The training on such aviation hazards should be made mandatory. The occurrences of such hazards and the threats they pose have been taken into account by many aviation authorities and there have been measures undertaken so that such hazards do not go unreported which include developing simple reporting system. However, until and unless strict implementation is adhered to the customary practices of such hazards going unreported would continue. The measures that need to be adopted are prolonged but are of

Does globalisation really benefit everybody, as many of its leading Essay

Does globalisation really benefit everybody, as many of its leading advocates claim Illustrate your answer with reference to TWO empirical cases - Essay Example This is term has existed since the mid 18th century, finding its way to the 21st century. That said one can see that globalization has benefit effects and disadvantages. The are not appealing to everyone as well as not benefiting all the people as the aspect is supposed to do. Therefore, globalization does not necessarily help everyone as many of its leading advocates claim. This is a fact that is evident as the paper has illustrated below. That said the key players in this sector of globalization should see to it that this aspect benefits all of the people no matter the class that they belong to. Only then will this aspect be embraced with everyone and all the changes that are brought by globalization will be accepted by all of the people, be it the rich, poor, young, old, sick, healthy just but to mention a few. Globalization being described as a process that involves international integration that arises from the interchange of a number of things, product, ideas, world views among other features that involve culture, this makes it something that involves many if not all of the world’s population. Therefore, this aspect of globalization should be considered and looked into with the seriousness that it deserves. People would want to see their lives change for the better, and if globalization is a way through which that is going to be possible, then everyone opts to see the benefits and not only a few individuals belonging to a particular class of people. This paper discusses the cons and pros of globalization, putting into consideration to this question; does globalization ‘benefit everybody, ’ as many of its leading advocates claim? This question will be answered and discussed in relation to the present global financial crisis as one of the empirical cases. During the past few years, steady proclamations have been made by the advocates of the economic

Ethnic Identity and Socialization: Bend It Like Beckham’

Ethnic Identity and Socialization: Bend It Like Beckham’ In April 1992, when a mostly white jury acquitted four police officers accused in the videotaped beating of a black motorist, thousands of people in Los Angeles, mainly young black and Latino males, joined in what has often been characterized as a race riot. In the summer of 2001, ethnic riots occurred on the streets of towns and cities in the north of England (Oldham, Leeds, Burnley, Bradford), involving young British Asian men and young White British men. More recently, in November 2005, riots emerged in Paris suburbs, sparked by the accidental deaths of two Muslim teenagers, and then spread to 300 French towns and cities. Most of the rioters were the French-born children of immigrants from Arab and African countries, a large percentage being Muslim. These race and ethnic riots have all recently placed the issue of racial and ethnic identity at the forefront of political debate in the United States and in Europe. In this paper, we endeavour to discuss many issues especially on gend er issues, relationship issues, family issues, notion of beauty, women in sports and migration issues. The way the characters behaved and how the other characters behaved towards them portrays the theme and the issues involved. Gender issue is portrayed through Indian beliefs as well as Western beliefs. The traditional notion that girls should not be involved in sports existed in both the Indian family as well as the England family. This can be seen in both Jesminders family as well as Catherines family where their mothers strongly discouraged them from playing soccer as soccer is meant only for the boys. Both mothers cannot tolerate the idea that their daughters are playing and enjoying soccer thus all kinds of comedies ensued because of the differing ideas mothers and daughters have. Through gender issues, the traditional notion of beauty is also depicted. Anything that is ugly has to be hidden while things that are not of social norms are frowned upon. For example, in the Indian family, Jesminders mother was shocked that her daughter would reveal her scars just to wear shorts to play soccer. Indian girls are supposed to cover up their bodies and must not dress up like the boys. Jesminders mother also does not want Jesminder to play soccer because it causes her to become dark and thus she is not beautiful. This perceptions cause Jesminder to put on a faà §ade. In front of her family members, she dressed up like a dutiful Indian daughter. Behind them, she strips to her jersey and shorts in order to pursue her passion. Hilarity is created through such perceptions and the things done by Jesminder to bend the rules and yet appear to be a dutiful daughter in her parents eyes. As for the England family, Catherines mother wants her daughter to be ladylike. It is highly comical when mother and daughter went shopping and the mother insists that her daughter wears a push-up bra. This typical notion on how girls should doll up is highly comical as the mother is enforcing her daughter something that she is not. This shows that the tradition notion of beauty not only exist amongst the Indians but the England people as well. Issues on gays and lesbianism have also been touched on in this movie. Gays and lesbianism is not accepted in both societies. For example, Jesminders male best friend confesses to her that he likes David Beckham. The issue on him being gay is kept hushed amongst them as being Indians; they are not supposed to go against social and traditional norms by becoming gay. Lesbianism is touched upon when Catherines mother assumed that Catherine and Jesminder are lesbian couples. Due to her overreactions, hilarity was created. This shows that Indians still stick to their traditional culture whilst England people are not that advanced in their thinking either. The traditional issue on marriage still exists amongst the Indian characters in this movie. Pinkys boyfriend broke up their engagement just because Jesminder, Pinkys sister, was seen hugging an England boy. This shows the unfairness that befalls on Pinky for something she has not done. To heighten the comic effect, the boy Jesminder was hugging is actually a girl. Catherine was mistaken to be a boy just because she has short hair. Once again, the traditional notion of beauty on how girls hair length should be creeps in. Jesminder also refuses to inform her family that her England coach is her boyfriend for fearing that her parents could not accept the idea. Thus this shows that they are still traditional. Apart from gender issues, family issues and relationship issues, migration issues also play a large role in this movie. Their house is a symbol to show how the Indian family has assimilated to the England society. The semi-detached house is a reflection of how the family has blended into England while at the same time preserving their cultural roots and background. The occasional lights displayed on the house show the difference of the family compared to the rest of the neighbourhood. However, this difference has also been accepted by the society there as the lights gave out a beautiful effect. This film also examines women who must explain their choice to participate in a sport, which traditionally men only competed in. It was noted that how a woman who plays soccer and enjoyed it immensely and even dreamt of playing professionally, had to overcome the traditional ideas of her family in order to achieve what she wanted the most. It presents a myriad of complex issues and presents them in a way that is appealing and stimulating. In this film, women in sport is an issue, but one that has come far in the history of women and sport-now, at least in soccer, women can and do play professionally and that is not an odd or remarkable thing. Women are now able to play sports; however, there are still obstacles and stereotypes which the characters still come into contact with and deal with on a daily basis. Jules, one of the main characters, has to live with her mother who tries so hard to make her more feminine; while Jess, the main character, must live with the traditional notions and experiences of her family. It can be said that Bend It Like Beckham really presented a more realistic example of the obstacles that women face, by looking specifically at one individual and her specific circumstances. It allows for a situation in which Jess must fight for what she believes in and try to move her own family forward. This film also brought in questions of not only femininity but also gender issues and gender relations, and what it means to be a woman playing sports today. There are still stereotypes and ideals about women that are not necessarily written in stone any longer, and it appears that we can look forward to a future where those stereotypes may no longer be so deeply imbedded. The families learnt to assimilate into Englands culture through their childrens experience. Pinkys ability to find an Indian husband and moving on with her life creates satisfaction amongst her family members. This shows that they belong in the society. Jesminders achievements in her A Levels examinations and her ability to qualify in an England soccer team for girls also show that assimilation and acceptance has taken place. The comic effect that was produced in this movie reflects the things that occur in the society and shows how the society adapts to it. The Indian family managed to preserve their traditional and cultural roots despite being far away from India. Westerners are also not spared from traditional thinking. We conclude that intense forms of ethnic identity and socialization appear to be formed in social contexts in which the minority ethnic trait is mostly threatened either directly by the actions of the majority group or indirectly simply by being exposed to the interaction with the majority norm of behaviour in a mixed neighbourhood. Bend It Like Beckham is all about a young girls search for cultural identity in the 21st Century England. Referencing Stevenson, D. Women, Sport and Globalisation; competing discourses of sexuality and nation Journal of Sport and Social Issues, Vol 26, No. 2 May 2002 Messner, M., Duncan, M., Cooky, C. Slience, Sports Bras and Wrestling Porn; women in televised sports news and highlights shows Journal of Sport and Social Issues, Vol 27, No. 1 February 2003 Wearing, B. (1996) Gender; the pain and pleasure of difference, Longman, Melbourne Chapter 8 Leisure Grosz, E. (1994) Volatile Bodies: Towards a Corporeal Feminism, Allen Unwin, Sydney Kell, P. (2000) Good Sports: Australian sport and the myth of the fair go, Pluto Press, Annandale Chapter 7 Golden Girls, Lesbians and Sexing Up; Women and Sport Jarvie, G. Maguire, J. (1994) Sport and Leisure in Social Thought, Routledge, London Chapter 7 Feminist thought and the boundaries of sisterhood Young Murdock, I. (1990) Throwing Like a Girl and Other Essays in Philosophy and Social Theory, Indiana University Press, Bloomongton Company Analysis: Value Proposition Of eBay Company Analysis: Value Proposition Of eBay The secret that can be considered behind the success of E-bay is by increasing its customers ad their satisfaction. To spread the business globally, an e-business strategy has to be implemented which can address the management and adopt new market culture. The new process implementation will change the services offered from local market to global market. Strategic planning process will bring all these changes in the way services are offered and improves the market globally. The strategic planning process involves several phases as shown in the figure 1.1. E bay is one of the leading websites in e business, when it comes to selling and buying of products online. At present the company operates its services through the worlds most popular website www.ebay.com for online selling, buying ad biding of products. In 1998, the revenue of e bay was $4.8 million in the US, in 2008 revenue increased to $ 5.5 billion revenue worldwide and sold $60 million merchandise. The page rank of e bay was rated the first in 2008 with 85.4 million visitors. Today, from 2009 reports, the figures appear very promising; they have increased to $24 million despite unfavorable economic conditions gaining 71%. The core competence of E bay were the other online auction websites like Amazon, fixed price retailers, search engines and comparison shopping websites which were offering the services at fixed lower prices. These are attracting the consumers more and e-bay has started to revive their 3 year plan after the revenue fall in 2009 and trying to meet the consumers demand and achieve higher customer satisfaction. 1.3 Market analysis and trends: Market Analysis is a major task that has to be performed before launching a new service or product. It is important to perform this to determine if they really require that new idea that company is going to implement. In the process of developing a new product or service the market needs should be very well understood and how the competitors service the same product/ service should be analyzed too. By conducting such type of market analysis, company can: Be fully prepared to enter a new market Can launch a new product/Service The main steps involved in performing market analysis are Definition of the problem Analysis of the current situation acquire data that is relevant to the problem study and understand the data Get ideas and resolve the problem Market analysis determines strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of a company and one of the most common methods to achieve this is SWOT analysis. The major competitors for E bay are Amazon, online search engines, fixed price retailers. The results of SWOT analysis on E bay are given in table 1.3.1. SWOT ANALYSIS FOR E bay STRENGTHS excellent service refined technologies used Largest market share in till 2008 Had very Good reputation Good customer satisfaction User friendly software WEAKNESS No proper marketing strategies Lacked global presence Missed its name in the list of all web directories Lack of social sites usage OPPORTUNITIES Increase market shareholder International demand for Ebay services will increase Increase in number of business partners THREATS More number of competitors Cost of software and hardware may increase Price competition with present competitors Table 1.3.1: SWOT analysis for Ebay 1.4 Evaluation of the business in terms of Porters business model: The five forces business model by Michael E. Porter can be used by the company to analyze the competition in the market with respect to the profitability and attractiveness of the services in all the aspects. Figure 1.4.1 shows clearly about the five different competitive forces. Figure 1.4.1: Porters five forces business model Source: http://www.anythingresearch.com/Strategic-Planning/Porters-Five-Forces.htm These five forces are very important in the implementation of new business plan by E bay as shown below: Threat of Substitute products or services Negatives: Every company website creates a substitute to the services offered by ebay and this way they can be a threat to eBay. Positive: Good market environment can be established with internet and will lead to healthy competition. All firms need an improvement to survive in todays market. Bargaining power of suppliers Negative: Customers are given bargaining power than suppliers as they have multiple choices. But with internet, suppliers also have more access to many customers. Bargaining power of buyers Negative: The internet can reduce switching costs for E bay. Positive: Improves bargaining power over traditional channels. Rivalry among existing competitors Negative: The increase in the number of competitors will be created by internet both nationally and internationally. It may also create competition in price among different companies offering similar service for cheaper rates. Barriers to Entry Positive: As E bay is an online business, there is no requirement of offices, sales staff rent for offices. All it requires is a hosting cost for website 1.5 Information and communication technology (ICT) challenges: As E bay is going to spread globally, there is a possibility of some information and communication technology (ICT) challenges. Some of the major challenges are described in terms core business process and system including legacy systems, B2B system integration, and efficient use of ICT infrastructure, security and standards. 1.5.1 Core business process and systems including legacy systems: As E bay is a online auction website, it deals with the customers private information, and the customers expect the company to keep their information very confidential. They have to use very effective CRM applications. The main challenge for CRM is that it should meet the concepts of Confidentiality, Availability and Integrity triangle. As E bay business is spreading globally, it is very crucial to consider business process and systems such as customer relationship management, supply chain management, and also knowledge management. 1.5.2 Efficient use of ICT infrastructure: As The E bay business runs on its auctions via internet it is important to implement proper ICT infrastructure with right technologies such as disaster recovery plan(DRP) to make sure that their business keeps running without any system hurdles such as system failure or any other natural disasters. With the help of DRP the resumption of hardware, data, communications, applications and other it infrastructure can be planned and made safe. Apart from DRP E bay should also include Business continuity plan (BCP) to make sure that their business will never discontinue .Unlike DRP, BCP includes plans for non IT related aspects. Nowadays BCP is well supported by Virtualization which also provides effective and easily manageable disaster recovery (DR) solution. The infrastructure of virtualization along with Disk-to-Disk (D2D) backup helps to build DR infrastructure with very easier and cheaper methods than ever. 1.5.3 B2B system integration: Business to Business e-commerce (B2B EC) also known as electronic B2B (eB2B) or simply B2B refers to transactions between the businesses conducted electronically over the internet, extranets, intranets or private networks(Turban et al. 2008).The B2B system integration is classified into two types Integration with the existing internal infrastructure and applications Integration with business partners systems ( Turban et al. 2008) Through e bay, customers can make reservations in one or more restaurants at a time and make a single payment for all the reservations with the help of these two types of integration systems. This makes transactions between E bay and customers very safe and secure. 1.5.4 Standards: As e bay runs the business electronically, a high level of standard should be used to spread the business globally. At present E bay is not using any ISO (International Standard for Organisation) standard. The best suited ISO standard for E bay is ISO/TS 15000-5:2005ISO/TS-Electronic Business Extensible Markup Language (ebXML).This standard is employed in businesses that work in open area or worldwide and transmit/exchange information between organizations, government agencies and other business related firms. This standard will form the basis for standard development work of business analysts in E bay. 1.5.5 Security: The major risks involved in any business would me information exchange and electronic transactions between organizations. To overcome such type of risks, it is advised that E bay should install use Firewalls, security socket layer (SSL), virtual private networks (VPN), Digital signatures etc while making any transactions.

The Cost of Discipleship Essay -- Papers

The Cost of Discipleship The definition of the word disciple means a follower or one who learns. Jesus chose several disciples to follow him and to go out and preach his teachings. We are told in the 'call of the disciples' in Mark's gospel that the men Jesus chose weren't special or significant in any way, the men he chose were just normal men consisting of fishermen and tax collectors. Jesus appoints his first four disciples, Simon, Andrew, James and John by simply saying: "Come follow me and I will make you fishers of men." Immediately, they left their things and followed a man they hardly knew. This is the only indication we get that the disciples were in a way special, because the disciples had the courage and trust in God follow Jesus. The same also occurred with the selection of the fifth disciple Levi who was later renamed Matthew. Jesus approaches Matthew in his tax collectors booth and says "follow me", Matthew then rises and follows Jesus. The selection of the disciples seems very strange as none of the...

Guidelines on Writing a Research Proposal

Guidelines on writing a research proposal Introduction This is a guide to writing M. A. research proposals. The same principles apply to dissertation proposals and to proposals to most funding agencies. It includes a model outline, but advisor, committee and funding agency expectations vary and your proposal will be a variation on this basic theme. Use these guidelines as a point of departure for discussions with your advisor. They may serve as a straw-man against which to build your understanding of both your project and of proposal writing. For USM students, the same rules apply as for proposals everywhere in the world. Proposal Writing Proposal writing is important to your pursuit of a graduate degree. The proposal specifies what you will do, how you will do it, and how you will interpret the results. In specifying what will be done it also gives criteria for determining whether it is done. In approving the proposal, your committee gives their best judgment that the approach to the research is reasonable and likely to yield the anticipated results. Both parties benefit from an agreed upon plan. The objective in writing a proposal is to describe what you will do, why it should be done, how you will do it and what you expect will result. Being clear about these things from the beginning will help you complete your thesis in a timely fashion. A good thesis proposal hinges on a good idea. Once you have a good idea, you can draft the proposal in an evening. Getting a good idea hinges on familiarity with the topic. This assumes a longer preparatory period of reading, observation, discussion, and incubation. Read everything that you can in your area of interest. Figure out what are the important and missing parts of our understanding. Figure out how to build/discover those pieces. Live and breathe the topic. Talk about it with anyone who is interested. Then just write the important parts as the proposal. Filling in the things that we do not know and that will help us know more: that is what research is all about. Proposals help you estimate the size of a project. Don't make the project too big. Your proposal will be perhaps five pages and certainly no more than fifteen pages long. For perspective, the American National Science Foundation limits the length of proposal narratives to 15 pages, even when the request might be for multiple hundreds of thousands of dollars. It is the merit of the proposal which counts, not the weight. ) Shoot for five pithy pages that indicate to a relatively well-informed audience that you know the topic and how its logic hangs together, rather than fifteen or twenty pages that indicate that you have read a lot of things but not yet boiled it down to a set of prioritized linked questions. Different Theses, Similar Proposals In the abstract all proposals are very similar. They need to show a reasonably informed reader why a particular topic is important to address and how you will do it. To that end, a proposal needs to show how your work fits into what is already known about the topic and what new contribution your work will make. Specify the question that your research will answer, establish why it is a significant question, show how you are going to answer the question, and indicate what you expect we will learn. The proposal should situate the work in the literature, it should show why this is an (if not the most) important question to answer in the field, and convince your committee that your approach will in fact result in an answer to the question. Theses which address research questions that can be answered by making plan-able observations (and hypothesis testing) are preferred and perhaps the easiest to write. Because they address well-bounded topics, they can be very tight, but they do require more planning on the front end. Theses which re largely based on synthesis of observations, rumination, speculation, and opinion formation are harder to write, and usually not as convincing, often because they address questions which are not well-bounded and essentially unanswerable. Literature review-based theses involve collection of information from the literature, distillation of it, and coming up with new insight on an issue. One problem with this type of research is that you might find the perfect succinct answer to your question on the night before (or after) you turn in the final draft — in someone else's work. This certainly can knock the wind out of your sails. (But note that even a straight-ahead science thesis can have the problem of late in the game discovering that the work you have done or are doing has already been done, this is where familiarity with the relevant literature by both yourself and your committee members is important. ) A Couple of Models for Proposals A Two Page (Preliminary Proposal) Model Here is a model for a very brief (maybe five paragraph) proposal that you might use to interest faculty in sitting on your committee. People who are not yet hooked may especially appreciate its brevity. In the first paragraph, the first sentence identifies the general topic area. The second sentence gives the research question, and the third sentence establishes its significance. The next couple of paragraphs gives the larger historical perspective on the topic. Essentially list the major schools of thought on the topic and very briefly review the literature in the area with its major findings. Who has written on the topic and what have they found? Allocate about a sentence per important person or finding. Include any preliminary findings you have, and indicate what open questions are left. Restate your question in this context, showing how it fits into this larger picture. The next paragraph describes your methodology. It tells how will you approach the question, what you will need to do it. The final paragraph outlines your expected results, how you will interpret them, and how they will fit into the our larger understanding i. e. , ‘the literature'. The (Longer) Standard Model The Basic Thesis Outline Introduction Topic area Research question (finding? ) Significance to knowledge Literature review Previous research others & yours Interlocking findings and Unanswered questions Your preliminary work on the topic The remaining questions and inter-locking logic Reprise of your research question(s) in this context Methodology Approach Data needs Analytic techniques Plan for interpreting results Results Discussion and Conclusions Bibliography You get the idea of what the proposal does for you and organizing your thoughts and approach. The section below goes into slightly more (boring) detail on what each of the points in the outline is and does. The Sections of the Proposal The Introduction Topic Area A good title will clue the reader into the topic but it cannot tell the whole story. Follow the title with a strong introduction. The introduction provides a brief overview that tells a fairly well informed (but perhaps non-specialist) reader what the proposal is about. It might be as short as a single page, but it should be very clearly written, and it should let one assess whether the research is relevant to their own. With luck it will hook the reader's interest. What is your proposal about? Setting the topical area is a start but you need more, and quickly. Get specific about what your research will address. Question Once the topic is established, come right to the point. What are you doing? What specific issue or question will your work address? Very briefly (this is still the introduction) say how you will approach the work. What will we learn from your work? Significance Why is this work important? Show why this is it important to answer this question. What are the implications of doing it? How does it link to other knowledge? How does it stand to inform policy making? This should show how this project is significant to our body of knowledge. Why is it important to our understanding of the world? It should establish why I would want to read on. It should also tell me why I would want to support, or fund, the project. Literature Review State of our knowledge The purpose of the literature review is to situate your research in the context of what is already known about a topic. It need not be exhaustive; it needs to show how your work will benefit the whole. It should provide the theoretical basis for your work, show what has been done in the area by others, and set the stage for your work. In a literature review you should give the reader enough ties to the literature that they feel confident that you have found, read, and assimilated the literature in the field. It should probably move from the more general to the more focused studies, but need not be exhaustive, only relevant. Outstanding questions This is where you present the holes in the knowledge that need to be plugged and by so doing, situate your work. It is the place where you establish that your work will fit in and be significant to the discipline. This can be made easier if there is literature that comes out and says â€Å"Hey, this is a topic that needs to be treated! What is the answer to this question? † and you will sometimes see this type of piece in the literature. Research Questions in Detail Your work to date Tell what you have done so far. It might report preliminary studies that you have conducted to establish the feasibility of your research. It should give a sense that you are in a position to add to the body of knowledge. Methodology Overview of approach This section should make clear to the reader the way that you intend to approach the research question and the techniques and logic that you will use to address it. Data Collection This might include the field site description, a description of the instruments you will use, and particularly the data that you anticipate collecting. You may need to comment on site and resource accessibility in the time frame and budget that you have available, to demonstrate feasibility, but the emphasis in this section should be to fully describe specifically what data you will be using in your study. Part of the purpose of doing this is to detect flaws in the plan before they become problems in the research. Data Analysis This should explain in some detail how you will manipulate the data that you assembled to get at the information that you will use to answer your question. It will include the tools that you will use in processing the data, such as the type of interviews you will undertake, statistical software and techniques (if you’re doing a quantitative study), survey instruments, or any innovative approach you’re developing. It probably should also include an indication of the range of outcomes that you could reasonably expect from your observations. Interpretation In this section you should indicate how the anticipated outcomes will be interpreted to answer the research question. It is extremely beneficial to anticipate the range of outcomes from your analysis, and for each know what it will mean in terms of the answer to your question. Expected Results This section should give a good indication of what you expect to get out of the research. It should join the data analysis and possible outcomes to the theory and questions that you have raised. It will be a good place to summarize the significance of the work. It is often useful from the very beginning of formulating your work to write one page for this section to focus your reasoning as you build the rest of the proposal. Bibliography This is the list of the relevant works. There is no reason to cite irrelevant literature but it may be useful to keep track of it even if only to say that it was examined and found to be irrelevant. Use a standard format. Order the references alphabetically. Tips and Tricks Read. Read everything you can find in your area of interest. Read. Read. Read. Take notes, and talk to your advisor about the topic. If your advisor won't talk to you, find another one or rely on ‘the net' for intellectual interaction. Email has the advantage of forcing you to get your thoughts into written words that can be refined, edited and improved. It also gets time stamped records of when you submitted what to your advisor and how long it took to get a response. Write about the topic a lot, and don't be afraid to tear up (delete) passages that just don't work. Often you can re-think and re-type faster than than you can edit your way out of a hopeless mess. The advantage is in the re-thinking. Very early on, generate the research question, critical observation, interpretations of the possible outcomes, and the expected results. These are the core of the project and will help focus your reading and thinking. Modify them as needed as your understanding increases. Use some systematic way of recording notes and bibliographic information from the very beginning. The classic approach is a deck of index cards. You can sort, regroup, layout spatial arrangements and work on the beach. Possibly a slight improvement is to use a word-processor file that contains bibliographic reference information and notes, quotes etc. that you take from the source. This can be sorted, searched, diced and sliced in your familiar word-processor. You may even print the index cards from the word-processor if you like the ability to physically re-arrange things. Even better for some, is to use specialized bibliographic database software. Papyrus, Journler, EndNote, and other packages are available for PCs and MacIntoshs. Another pointer is to keep in mind from the outset that this project is neither the last nor the greatest thing you will do in your life. It is just one step along the way. Get it done and get on with the next one. Cover your topic, but don't confuse it with too many loosely relevant side lines. The balance between Introduction and Literature Review needs to be thought out. The reader will want to be able to figure out whether to read the proposal. The literature review should be sufficiently inclusive that the reader can tell where the bounds of knowledge lie. It should also show what has been done and what seem to be accepted approaches in the field and the kinds of results that are being gotten. Useful References: Krathwohl, David R. 1988. How to Prepare a Research Proposal: Guidelines for Funding and Dissertations in the Social and Behavioral Sciences . Syracuse University Press. Recent National Science Foundations Guidelines for Research Proposals can be found on the NSF website, www. nsf. gov. Chamberlain, T. C. â€Å"The Method of Multiple Working Hypotheses†, reprinted in Science, Vol 148, pp754-759. 7 May 1965. Platt, J. â€Å"Strong Inference† in Science, Number 3642, pp. 347-353, 16 October 1964. Strunk and White The Elements of Style Turabian, Kate. 1955 (or a more recent edition) A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations, University of Chicago Press. Mortimer J. Adler and Charles Van Doren. 1940 ('67, '72 etc). How to Read a Book. Simon and Schuster Publishers. New York City, NY.

Policy Priority Issue Essay

While most things in life come with an instruction manual, children do not. Parenting is a difficult job. While your child is growing, you must know the best, most up to date resources to assist you in providing the best for him/her. Success by 6 is an initiative to make sure that â€Å"every child in North Central Florida enters school healthy and prepared to learn by the age of 6† (Chun, 2005). It also assists families to be prepared to have a child in school. The greatest challenges facing our country can only be met by focusing on the development of all our children, beginning at birth. Early childhood programs are the most cost-effective way to ensure the healthy development of children in poverty and offer the greatest returns to society. In evidence-based home visiting programs, â€Å"professionals connect families to medical, dental, mental-health, and other support systems† (Daro, D., 2014). The time period from birth through age six is a critical one for â€Å"establishing the solid foundations essential for children’s long-term health, well-being, and learning† (Clothier, S., 2014). Background The Success by 6 was initiated in North Central Florida in 2005. It was initially expected â€Å"to reach 2,500 children with health and developmental screenings, child care provider training, parent education, mentoring, a community center, abuse and neglect prevention, home visitation, program evaluation and family referral programs† (Chun, 2006). This number was reached in its second year and continues to grow annually. As we look to improve and add state policies that lead to good health, learning, and family outcomes, like Success by 6, it is imperative to ensure that policies capitalize on both health and learning.